@article{
author = "Sakan, Sanja M. and Mihajlidi-Zelić, Aleksandra and Ašković, Ksenija and Sakan, Nenad and Trifunović, Snežana S. and Đorđević, Dragana S.",
year = "2023",
abstract = "The optimized three-step sequential extraction procedure for the fractionation of micro- and macroelements, was conducted
to determine fractional characteristics of PTEs (potentially toxic elements) in surface sediments of rivers in the Vlasina
watershed. The sequential extraction results, which enable the evaluation of mobility of the studied elements, have indicated
that Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr, and As can be considered slightly mobile, whereas Pb, Mn, Cd, and Co were regarded as possibly mobile
elements. Lead was dominantly bounded (specifcally adsorbed or co-precipitated) to iron and manganese oxides (up to 80%)
and may be released by reduction. Since the content of the exchangeable fraction (F1) is an indicator for anthropogenic impact
on the aquatic environment, a low percentage (0–8%) of studied toxic elements in this fraction indicated that these elements
have lithogenic origin in most sampling locations in the area of study. Except for Pb, the substantial positive correlations
between Al and other elements showed that studied elements came primarily from terrigenous sources. Although the values
obtained for the risk assessment code (RAC) indicated a slightly increased mobility of some elements (up to 22.44%), the
values of the modifed risk assessment code (mRAC), which include toxic efects on the environment, showed there is no
danger of pollution by studied elements (all values were<1%). Our recommendation is to use mRAC instead of RAC in
ecochemical studies and assessment of the degree of sediment and soil pollution, because mRAC includes toxic efects of
elements. Based on ATI values, river sediments show no toxic to a low toxic degree. Even though obtained results indicate
that there was no considerable risk for river water contamination, the ecological risk for Fe and Pb should be monitored in
the future.",
publisher = "Springer",
journal = "Environmental Science and Pollution Research",
title = "The significance of applying different factors for the evaluation of sediment contamination by toxic elements and estimation of the ecological risk",
volume = "30",
number = "18",
pages = "53461-53477",
doi = "10.1007/s11356-023-26111-4"
}
