TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mijevic, Cedo
AU  - Nikolić, Milan
AU  - Nikolić-Kokić, Aleksandra
AU  - Jones, David R.
AU  - Niketić, Vesna
AU  - Lecic-Tosevski, Dusica
AU  - Spasić, Mihajlo B.
PY  - 2010
UR  - https://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1059
AB  - Objective: Despite clozapine's unique effectiveness in patients with schizophrenia, a number of adverse effects have been recognised including abnormalities in lipid and glucose metabolisms. A high clozapine level in red blood cells (RBCs) and disturbed anti-oxidant enzyme activities in blood from schizophrenic patients prompted us to investigate lipid status and anti-oxidant enzyme defence in the blood of chronic schizophrenic patients on long-term clozapine therapy. Methods: Plasma lipids, RBC anti-oxidant enzyme activities and haemoglobin (Hb) content were measured using established procedures in a group of eighteen chronically-medicated (average 630 days of therapy) schizophrenic patients receiving clozapine (average dose of 295 mg/day) and data were compared with those from a group of eighteen well-matched normal controls. Results: Significantly higher levels of plasma triglycerides (by 47%, p lt 0.01) and total cholesterol and phospholipids (by 8% and 11%, respectively p lt 0.05) in patients were found. CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) activity was markedly higher (by 35%, p lt 0.001) while selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px1) activity was markedly lower (by 41%, p lt 0.001) in patients. In addition, metHb and HbA1c levels in patients were significantly higher (by 58% and 25%. respectively p lt 0.001). SOD1 activity was negatively correlated (p lt 0.001) to GSH-Px1 activity in patients. Conclusions:The findings support the view that ongoing oxidative stress may be a mechanism by which clozapine induces some adverse effects that increase the risk of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. If valid, this would indicate that in parallel with long-term clozapine treatment, schizophrenic patients could be encouraged to make some lifestyle changes to limit the detrimental effects of the medication. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PB  - Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
T1  - Lipid status, anti-oxidant enzyme defence and haemoglobin content in the blood of long-term clozapine-treated schizophrenic patients
VL  - 34
IS  - 2
SP  - 303
EP  - 307
DO  - 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.11.024
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Mijevic, Cedo and Nikolić, Milan and Nikolić-Kokić, Aleksandra and Jones, David R. and Niketić, Vesna and Lecic-Tosevski, Dusica and Spasić, Mihajlo B.",
year = "2010",
abstract = "Objective: Despite clozapine's unique effectiveness in patients with schizophrenia, a number of adverse effects have been recognised including abnormalities in lipid and glucose metabolisms. A high clozapine level in red blood cells (RBCs) and disturbed anti-oxidant enzyme activities in blood from schizophrenic patients prompted us to investigate lipid status and anti-oxidant enzyme defence in the blood of chronic schizophrenic patients on long-term clozapine therapy. Methods: Plasma lipids, RBC anti-oxidant enzyme activities and haemoglobin (Hb) content were measured using established procedures in a group of eighteen chronically-medicated (average 630 days of therapy) schizophrenic patients receiving clozapine (average dose of 295 mg/day) and data were compared with those from a group of eighteen well-matched normal controls. Results: Significantly higher levels of plasma triglycerides (by 47%, p lt 0.01) and total cholesterol and phospholipids (by 8% and 11%, respectively p lt 0.05) in patients were found. CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) activity was markedly higher (by 35%, p lt 0.001) while selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px1) activity was markedly lower (by 41%, p lt 0.001) in patients. In addition, metHb and HbA1c levels in patients were significantly higher (by 58% and 25%. respectively p lt 0.001). SOD1 activity was negatively correlated (p lt 0.001) to GSH-Px1 activity in patients. Conclusions:The findings support the view that ongoing oxidative stress may be a mechanism by which clozapine induces some adverse effects that increase the risk of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. If valid, this would indicate that in parallel with long-term clozapine treatment, schizophrenic patients could be encouraged to make some lifestyle changes to limit the detrimental effects of the medication. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",
publisher = "Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry",
title = "Lipid status, anti-oxidant enzyme defence and haemoglobin content in the blood of long-term clozapine-treated schizophrenic patients",
volume = "34",
number = "2",
pages = "303-307",
doi = "10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.11.024"
}

Mijevic, C., Nikolić, M., Nikolić-Kokić, A., Jones, D. R., Niketić, V., Lecic-Tosevski, D.,& Spasić, M. B.. (2010). Lipid status, anti-oxidant enzyme defence and haemoglobin content in the blood of long-term clozapine-treated schizophrenic patients. in Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford., 34(2), 303-307.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.11.024

Mijevic C, Nikolić M, Nikolić-Kokić A, Jones DR, Niketić V, Lecic-Tosevski D, Spasić MB. Lipid status, anti-oxidant enzyme defence and haemoglobin content in the blood of long-term clozapine-treated schizophrenic patients. in Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 2010;34(2):303-307.
doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.11.024 .

Mijevic, Cedo, Nikolić, Milan, Nikolić-Kokić, Aleksandra, Jones, David R., Niketić, Vesna, Lecic-Tosevski, Dusica, Spasić, Mihajlo B., "Lipid status, anti-oxidant enzyme defence and haemoglobin content in the blood of long-term clozapine-treated schizophrenic patients" in Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 34, no. 2 (2010):303-307,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.11.024 . .