TY  - CONF
AU  - Ilijević, Konstantin
AU  - Vujanović, D.
AU  - Zarić, N. M.
AU  - Orlić, Jovana
AU  - Orčić, S.
AU  - Purać, J.
AU  - Kojić, D.
AU  - Blagojević, D. P.
AU  - Čelić, T.
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4911
AB  - In our previous research we have explored concentrations of 16 elements in samples collected from 3 different environments: Golija (rural region), Belgrade (urban region) and Zajača (industrial region). These three locations were chosen due to their distinctly different degrees of urbanization and industrialization. Macroelements (Ca, K, Mg, Na), microelements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) and non-essential elements (Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sr) were determined in the whole body of honeybees, but the major novelty of the research was that hemolymph of the bees was analysed as well. Significant spatial but also seasonal variations in content of bioelements and non-essential elements were observed. These findings have raised several important questions which are addressed in our current study. In order to better understand how bees’ environment does affects concentrations of elements mentioned above, dust and pollen collected from the same locations were analysed. They represent 2 major sources of bio elements and toxic elements for the bees: food and atmospheric deposition. For the better understanding of dynamics of investigated elements the scope of our research was further extended to the analysis of bee bread, honey, crops, wax, propolis, larvae and pupae. The samples were digested in accordance with the US EPA SW-846 Method 3052. Closed microwave digestion system (ETHOS 1, Advanced Microwave Digestion System, Milestone, Italy) was used for digestion with 5 to 8 ml of concentrated HNO3  and 1 or 2 ml of concentrated H2 O2  (depending on the mass and type of the sample). Concentrations of: Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn were determined by ICP-OES (iCAP 6500Duo, Thermo Scientific). Very low concentrations of: Co, Cr, Cd and Pb, which occurred in some samples were confirmed by ICP-MS (iCAP-Q-ICP-MS, Termo Scientific). Ratios between concentrations in the samples from industrial region and urban region were calculated and compared for different matrices. Concentrations of toxic metals such as Pb and Cd were significantly elevated in dust samples from the industrial site, and similar trend was observed for pollen, bee bread, wax, propolis, and the whole bees. Elevation of concentrations was not observed (or it was present in significantly lesser extent) for the samples of honey, larvae and pupae.
PB  - Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society
C3  - Book of Abstracts 21st; European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry
T1  - Bioelements and Non-Essential Elements in Honeybees and Their Hemolymph, Larvae, Pupae, Honey, Wax, Propolis and Bee Bread
SP  - 81
EP  - 81
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_4911
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Ilijević, Konstantin and Vujanović, D. and Zarić, N. M. and Orlić, Jovana and Orčić, S. and Purać, J. and Kojić, D. and Blagojević, D. P. and Čelić, T.",
year = "2021",
abstract = "In our previous research we have explored concentrations of 16 elements in samples collected from 3 different environments: Golija (rural region), Belgrade (urban region) and Zajača (industrial region). These three locations were chosen due to their distinctly different degrees of urbanization and industrialization. Macroelements (Ca, K, Mg, Na), microelements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) and non-essential elements (Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sr) were determined in the whole body of honeybees, but the major novelty of the research was that hemolymph of the bees was analysed as well. Significant spatial but also seasonal variations in content of bioelements and non-essential elements were observed. These findings have raised several important questions which are addressed in our current study. In order to better understand how bees’ environment does affects concentrations of elements mentioned above, dust and pollen collected from the same locations were analysed. They represent 2 major sources of bio elements and toxic elements for the bees: food and atmospheric deposition. For the better understanding of dynamics of investigated elements the scope of our research was further extended to the analysis of bee bread, honey, crops, wax, propolis, larvae and pupae. The samples were digested in accordance with the US EPA SW-846 Method 3052. Closed microwave digestion system (ETHOS 1, Advanced Microwave Digestion System, Milestone, Italy) was used for digestion with 5 to 8 ml of concentrated HNO3  and 1 or 2 ml of concentrated H2 O2  (depending on the mass and type of the sample). Concentrations of: Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn were determined by ICP-OES (iCAP 6500Duo, Thermo Scientific). Very low concentrations of: Co, Cr, Cd and Pb, which occurred in some samples were confirmed by ICP-MS (iCAP-Q-ICP-MS, Termo Scientific). Ratios between concentrations in the samples from industrial region and urban region were calculated and compared for different matrices. Concentrations of toxic metals such as Pb and Cd were significantly elevated in dust samples from the industrial site, and similar trend was observed for pollen, bee bread, wax, propolis, and the whole bees. Elevation of concentrations was not observed (or it was present in significantly lesser extent) for the samples of honey, larvae and pupae.",
publisher = "Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society",
journal = "Book of Abstracts 21st; European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry",
title = "Bioelements and Non-Essential Elements in Honeybees and Their Hemolymph, Larvae, Pupae, Honey, Wax, Propolis and Bee Bread",
pages = "81-81",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_4911"
}

Ilijević, K., Vujanović, D., Zarić, N. M., Orlić, J., Orčić, S., Purać, J., Kojić, D., Blagojević, D. P.,& Čelić, T.. (2021). Bioelements and Non-Essential Elements in Honeybees and Their Hemolymph, Larvae, Pupae, Honey, Wax, Propolis and Bee Bread. in Book of Abstracts 21st; European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry
Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society., 81-81.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_4911

Ilijević K, Vujanović D, Zarić NM, Orlić J, Orčić S, Purać J, Kojić D, Blagojević DP, Čelić T. Bioelements and Non-Essential Elements in Honeybees and Their Hemolymph, Larvae, Pupae, Honey, Wax, Propolis and Bee Bread. in Book of Abstracts 21st; European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry. 2021;:81-81.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_4911 .

Ilijević, Konstantin, Vujanović, D., Zarić, N. M., Orlić, Jovana, Orčić, S., Purać, J., Kojić, D., Blagojević, D. P., Čelić, T., "Bioelements and Non-Essential Elements in Honeybees and Their Hemolymph, Larvae, Pupae, Honey, Wax, Propolis and Bee Bread" in Book of Abstracts 21st; European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry (2021):81-81,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_4911 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Orlić, Jovana
AU  - Kukobat, L.
AU  - Vidojević, D.
AU  - Filipović, S.
AU  - Kojić, D.
AU  - Blagojević, D. P.
AU  - Ilijević, Konstantin
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4913
AB  - Toxic metals in soil are routinely determined by several analytical spectroscopic techniques (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry AAS, Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry ICP-OES,and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry ICPMS)[1]. Those techniques measure metals from aqueous samples. Procedures of sample dissolution or extraction typically involve a lengthy process which requires the use of harsh conditions. Sample preparation procedures make these routinely used techniques generally time-consuming and too expensive [2]. On the other side, the need for reliable, economical, and environmental friendly technique for soil composition measuring has been growing in the environmental field, so has the demand for time and cost-efficient analytical methods for soil analysis [3]. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) is a multi-element analytical technique for direct, non-destructive analysis of various materials (including soils) with minimal sample preparation. The most attractive advantage of XRF is the wide dynamic range (from mg kg-1 to 100%). A portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (PXRF) is also capable of in-situ analysis in a short time (30–120 s) [4]. In situ PXRF analysis provides flexibility and allows rapid collection of data for a large number of samples, andproduces real-time data that can be used for rapid decision making. It is well-known that the physical characteristics of the sample play an important role in obtaining accurate results when it comes to XRF methods. Therefore it is important to determine how reliable in situ PXRF results are. Analytical accuracy and precision could be generally improved if adequate sample preparation procedure is applied compared to in situ measurements. The aim of this research was to determinate in what extent sample preparation procedure changes measured concentrations of elements and is that change the same for all investigated elements. Does soil sample homogenization or further pressing into the compact pellet systematically affect measured concentrations? Soil samples from 32 industrial, potentially contaminated sites were collected from a depth of 10 cm, 30 cm, and 50 cm. Such soils provide wide concentration range of different elements. Samples were first directly analyzed in the field, without any sample preparation using the Thermo Scientific™ Niton™ XL3t GOLDD+ PXRF Analyzer. The second PXRF analysis was performed in the laboratory on the dry,ground, and homogenized soil powder sample. One aliquot of soil powder was digested for AAS analysis, while another aliquot was pressed into a 32 mm diameter pellet and analyzed using PXRF. The quality control program involves comparison of the results with AAS reference technique. Additionally, certified reference materials of stream sediment (STSD-3) and soil (NCS DC 77301) are analyzed with different sample preparation procedures.
PB  - Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society
C3  - Book of Abstracts 21st; European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry
T1  - Effect of Sample Preparation on Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Analysis of Contaminated Soils
SP  - 93
EP  - 93
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_4913
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Orlić, Jovana and Kukobat, L. and Vidojević, D. and Filipović, S. and Kojić, D. and Blagojević, D. P. and Ilijević, Konstantin",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Toxic metals in soil are routinely determined by several analytical spectroscopic techniques (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry AAS, Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry ICP-OES,and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry ICPMS)[1]. Those techniques measure metals from aqueous samples. Procedures of sample dissolution or extraction typically involve a lengthy process which requires the use of harsh conditions. Sample preparation procedures make these routinely used techniques generally time-consuming and too expensive [2]. On the other side, the need for reliable, economical, and environmental friendly technique for soil composition measuring has been growing in the environmental field, so has the demand for time and cost-efficient analytical methods for soil analysis [3]. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) is a multi-element analytical technique for direct, non-destructive analysis of various materials (including soils) with minimal sample preparation. The most attractive advantage of XRF is the wide dynamic range (from mg kg-1 to 100%). A portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (PXRF) is also capable of in-situ analysis in a short time (30–120 s) [4]. In situ PXRF analysis provides flexibility and allows rapid collection of data for a large number of samples, andproduces real-time data that can be used for rapid decision making. It is well-known that the physical characteristics of the sample play an important role in obtaining accurate results when it comes to XRF methods. Therefore it is important to determine how reliable in situ PXRF results are. Analytical accuracy and precision could be generally improved if adequate sample preparation procedure is applied compared to in situ measurements. The aim of this research was to determinate in what extent sample preparation procedure changes measured concentrations of elements and is that change the same for all investigated elements. Does soil sample homogenization or further pressing into the compact pellet systematically affect measured concentrations? Soil samples from 32 industrial, potentially contaminated sites were collected from a depth of 10 cm, 30 cm, and 50 cm. Such soils provide wide concentration range of different elements. Samples were first directly analyzed in the field, without any sample preparation using the Thermo Scientific™ Niton™ XL3t GOLDD+ PXRF Analyzer. The second PXRF analysis was performed in the laboratory on the dry,ground, and homogenized soil powder sample. One aliquot of soil powder was digested for AAS analysis, while another aliquot was pressed into a 32 mm diameter pellet and analyzed using PXRF. The quality control program involves comparison of the results with AAS reference technique. Additionally, certified reference materials of stream sediment (STSD-3) and soil (NCS DC 77301) are analyzed with different sample preparation procedures.",
publisher = "Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society",
journal = "Book of Abstracts 21st; European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry",
title = "Effect of Sample Preparation on Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Analysis of Contaminated Soils",
pages = "93-93",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_4913"
}

Orlić, J., Kukobat, L., Vidojević, D., Filipović, S., Kojić, D., Blagojević, D. P.,& Ilijević, K.. (2021). Effect of Sample Preparation on Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Analysis of Contaminated Soils. in Book of Abstracts 21st; European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry
Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society., 93-93.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_4913

Orlić J, Kukobat L, Vidojević D, Filipović S, Kojić D, Blagojević DP, Ilijević K. Effect of Sample Preparation on Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Analysis of Contaminated Soils. in Book of Abstracts 21st; European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry. 2021;:93-93.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_4913 .

Orlić, Jovana, Kukobat, L., Vidojević, D., Filipović, S., Kojić, D., Blagojević, D. P., Ilijević, Konstantin, "Effect of Sample Preparation on Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Analysis of Contaminated Soils" in Book of Abstracts 21st; European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry (2021):93-93,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_4913 .