TY  - JOUR
AU  - Radovanović, Dragana
AU  - Dikić, Jelena
AU  - Štulović, Marija
AU  - Anđić, Zoran
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
AU  - Jevtić, Sanja
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6300
AB  - Low-cost and easily available natural zeolite is a promising adsorbent for metal ions removal in wastewater treatment. The possibility of using zeolitic tuff from Serbia in the form of Na-enriched natural zeolite (Na-Z) for the adsorption of Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Ni2+ ions from wastewater was investigated in the presented paper. The research included Na-Z characterization and determination of adsorption kinetics in individual ion adsorption tests using Weber-Morris intraparticle diffusion model, non-linear pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO) and mixed-order (MO) kinetic models. The results indicate that the adsorption processes of metal ions on Na-Z are complex processes dominated by multiple rate-limiting mechanisms and best defined by the MO model. The mechanisms of ion diffusion and adsorption to active sites are equally represented in the Pb2+ adsorption process. The mechanism of ion adsorption on the active sites is the rate-limiting step in the Zn2+ adsorption process, while in the case of the Cu2+ and Ni2+ adsorption ion diffusion is the rate-limiting kinetic mechanism. Within the MO model, the PFO rate (external/internal diffusion) and the PSO rate (adsorption on active sites) were calculated and results were applied to a multicomponent wastewater sample in order to determine and explain the adsorption efficiency in wastewater treatment. The results show that the rate of adsorption of individual metal ions and the efficiency of ion removal from a multicomponent wastewater sample are influenced by several factors including the radius of the hydrated ion and the free energy of hydration. The achieved removal of metal ions by Na-Z is Pb2+ (89%) > Cu2+ (72%) > Zn2+ (61%) > Ni2+ (58%) and defines Na-enriched natural zeolite as an effective adsorbent in wastewater treatment.
PB  - Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia AMES
T2  - Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
T1  - Sorption of Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ Ions on Na-enriched Natural Zeolite for Wastewater Treatment Process: A Kinetic Approach
VL  - 29
IS  - 3
SP  - 20
EP  - 35
DO  - 10.56801/MME1007
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Radovanović, Dragana and Dikić, Jelena and Štulović, Marija and Anđić, Zoran and Kamberović, Željko and Jevtić, Sanja",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Low-cost and easily available natural zeolite is a promising adsorbent for metal ions removal in wastewater treatment. The possibility of using zeolitic tuff from Serbia in the form of Na-enriched natural zeolite (Na-Z) for the adsorption of Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Ni2+ ions from wastewater was investigated in the presented paper. The research included Na-Z characterization and determination of adsorption kinetics in individual ion adsorption tests using Weber-Morris intraparticle diffusion model, non-linear pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO) and mixed-order (MO) kinetic models. The results indicate that the adsorption processes of metal ions on Na-Z are complex processes dominated by multiple rate-limiting mechanisms and best defined by the MO model. The mechanisms of ion diffusion and adsorption to active sites are equally represented in the Pb2+ adsorption process. The mechanism of ion adsorption on the active sites is the rate-limiting step in the Zn2+ adsorption process, while in the case of the Cu2+ and Ni2+ adsorption ion diffusion is the rate-limiting kinetic mechanism. Within the MO model, the PFO rate (external/internal diffusion) and the PSO rate (adsorption on active sites) were calculated and results were applied to a multicomponent wastewater sample in order to determine and explain the adsorption efficiency in wastewater treatment. The results show that the rate of adsorption of individual metal ions and the efficiency of ion removal from a multicomponent wastewater sample are influenced by several factors including the radius of the hydrated ion and the free energy of hydration. The achieved removal of metal ions by Na-Z is Pb2+ (89%) > Cu2+ (72%) > Zn2+ (61%) > Ni2+ (58%) and defines Na-enriched natural zeolite as an effective adsorbent in wastewater treatment.",
publisher = "Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia AMES",
journal = "Metallurgical and Materials Engineering",
title = "Sorption of Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ Ions on Na-enriched Natural Zeolite for Wastewater Treatment Process: A Kinetic Approach",
volume = "29",
number = "3",
pages = "20-35",
doi = "10.56801/MME1007"
}

Radovanović, D., Dikić, J., Štulović, M., Anđić, Z., Kamberović, Ž.,& Jevtić, S.. (2023). Sorption of Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ Ions on Na-enriched Natural Zeolite for Wastewater Treatment Process: A Kinetic Approach. in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia AMES., 29(3), 20-35.
https://doi.org/10.56801/MME1007

Radovanović D, Dikić J, Štulović M, Anđić Z, Kamberović Ž, Jevtić S. Sorption of Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ Ions on Na-enriched Natural Zeolite for Wastewater Treatment Process: A Kinetic Approach. in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering. 2023;29(3):20-35.
doi:10.56801/MME1007 .

Radovanović, Dragana, Dikić, Jelena, Štulović, Marija, Anđić, Zoran, Kamberović, Željko, Jevtić, Sanja, "Sorption of Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ Ions on Na-enriched Natural Zeolite for Wastewater Treatment Process: A Kinetic Approach" in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, 29, no. 3 (2023):20-35,
https://doi.org/10.56801/MME1007 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolić, Vesna D.
AU  - Đokić, Jovana M.
AU  - Dinić, Denis P.
AU  - Marinković, Aleksandar 
AU  - Jevtić, Sanja O.
AU  - Anđić, Zoran M.
AU  - Kamberović, Željko J.
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6235
AB  - Porozna keramika sa industrijskog aspekta predstavlja značajan materijal, međutim, za njenu pripremu se još uvek traže ekonomski i tehnološki prihvatljiva rešenja. Kontrola poroznosti predstavlja ključan korak u postizanju željenih svojstava za određenu primenu. U cilju dobijanja multiporozne keramike u ovom radu korišćena je kaolinska glina i polistirenske perle kao organska žrtvena faza. Uzorci su nakon mešanja sinterovani na 1050 oC tokom 1 h. Karakterizacija je obuhvatila infracrvenu spektroskopiju sa Furijeovom transformacijom (FTIR), 
 kenirajuću elektronsku mikroskopiju (SEM), rendgensku difrakcionu analizu (XRPD), elementnu CHNS analizu i ispitivanje pritisne čvrstoće. Analiza dobijenih rezultata pokazala je da se hijerarhijski uređena, multiporozna keramika, odgovarajućih mehaničkih svojstava može pripremiti u prisustvu organske komponente čijim sagorevanjem tokom sinterovanja zaostaju pore različitih dimenzija.
AB  - From an industrial point of view, porous ceramics represent an important material, however, economically and technologically acceptable solutions are still being sought for its preparation. Porosity control is a key step in achieving the desired properties for a specific application. In order to obtain multiporous ceramics, in this work, kaolin clay and polystyrene beads were used as organic sacrificial phase. After mixing, the samples were sintered at 1050 oC for 1 h. Characterization included Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRPD), elemental CHNS analysis and compressive strength investigations. The analysis of the obtained results showed that hierarchically ordered, multiporous ceramics, with appropriate mechanical properties can be prepared in the presence of an organic component whose burnout during sintering leaves behind pores of different dimensions.
PB  - Beograd : Savez inženjera i tehničara Srbije
T2  - Tehnika - Novi materijali
T1  - Sinteza inovativnih keramičkih sorbenata i nosača katalizatora hijerarhijske poroznosti
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
SP  - 269
EP  - 273
DO  - 10.5937/tehnika2303269K
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nikolić, Vesna D. and Đokić, Jovana M. and Dinić, Denis P. and Marinković, Aleksandar  and Jevtić, Sanja O. and Anđić, Zoran M. and Kamberović, Željko J.",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Porozna keramika sa industrijskog aspekta predstavlja značajan materijal, međutim, za njenu pripremu se još uvek traže ekonomski i tehnološki prihvatljiva rešenja. Kontrola poroznosti predstavlja ključan korak u postizanju željenih svojstava za određenu primenu. U cilju dobijanja multiporozne keramike u ovom radu korišćena je kaolinska glina i polistirenske perle kao organska žrtvena faza. Uzorci su nakon mešanja sinterovani na 1050 oC tokom 1 h. Karakterizacija je obuhvatila infracrvenu spektroskopiju sa Furijeovom transformacijom (FTIR), 
 kenirajuću elektronsku mikroskopiju (SEM), rendgensku difrakcionu analizu (XRPD), elementnu CHNS analizu i ispitivanje pritisne čvrstoće. Analiza dobijenih rezultata pokazala je da se hijerarhijski uređena, multiporozna keramika, odgovarajućih mehaničkih svojstava može pripremiti u prisustvu organske komponente čijim sagorevanjem tokom sinterovanja zaostaju pore različitih dimenzija., From an industrial point of view, porous ceramics represent an important material, however, economically and technologically acceptable solutions are still being sought for its preparation. Porosity control is a key step in achieving the desired properties for a specific application. In order to obtain multiporous ceramics, in this work, kaolin clay and polystyrene beads were used as organic sacrificial phase. After mixing, the samples were sintered at 1050 oC for 1 h. Characterization included Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRPD), elemental CHNS analysis and compressive strength investigations. The analysis of the obtained results showed that hierarchically ordered, multiporous ceramics, with appropriate mechanical properties can be prepared in the presence of an organic component whose burnout during sintering leaves behind pores of different dimensions.",
publisher = "Beograd : Savez inženjera i tehničara Srbije",
journal = "Tehnika - Novi materijali",
title = "Sinteza inovativnih keramičkih sorbenata i nosača katalizatora hijerarhijske poroznosti",
volume = "32",
number = "3",
pages = "269-273",
doi = "10.5937/tehnika2303269K"
}

Nikolić, V. D., Đokić, J. M., Dinić, D. P., Marinković, A., Jevtić, S. O., Anđić, Z. M.,& Kamberović, Ž. J.. (2023). Sinteza inovativnih keramičkih sorbenata i nosača katalizatora hijerarhijske poroznosti. in Tehnika - Novi materijali
Beograd : Savez inženjera i tehničara Srbije., 32(3), 269-273.
https://doi.org/10.5937/tehnika2303269K

Nikolić VD, Đokić JM, Dinić DP, Marinković A, Jevtić SO, Anđić ZM, Kamberović ŽJ. Sinteza inovativnih keramičkih sorbenata i nosača katalizatora hijerarhijske poroznosti. in Tehnika - Novi materijali. 2023;32(3):269-273.
doi:10.5937/tehnika2303269K .

Nikolić, Vesna D., Đokić, Jovana M., Dinić, Denis P., Marinković, Aleksandar , Jevtić, Sanja O., Anđić, Zoran M., Kamberović, Željko J., "Sinteza inovativnih keramičkih sorbenata i nosača katalizatora hijerarhijske poroznosti" in Tehnika - Novi materijali, 32, no. 3 (2023):269-273,
https://doi.org/10.5937/tehnika2303269K . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Đokić, Jovana
AU  - Štulović, Marija
AU  - Korać, Marija
AU  - Anđić, Zoran
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6305
AB  - More than 90 % of lead produced in Europe comes from secondary lead flows, of
which 85 % is attributed to waste lead-acid batteries (LAB). The main technological
approach for LAB processing implies pyrometallurgy by which 100–400 kg of waste slag
(WS) is generated per 1 ton of produced metallic lead. Due to recycling process parameters,
generated WS has great potential for releasing toxic elements contributing to environmental
pollution [1]. Namely, the most common flux in the recycling process is sodium-based
(Na2CO3) when alkali lead waste slag (ALWS) is generated, characterized as hazardous due
to its physical-chemical characteristics: high leachability, hygroscopic and pulverized
nature and, ultimately, instability [2,3]. Therefore, ALWS treatment prior to disposal should
be considered an integral part of waste LAB treatment systems. Immobilization of toxic
elements contained in slag is crucial and can be achieved by stabilization/solidification
processes (S/S) as one of the most widely used technologies in the treatment of heavy metal containing wastes for final disposal or utilization.
In this research, ALWS generated in the waste LAB recycling is used to determine
the S/S process efficiency as a function of the added binder amount (cement, in the range of
5 – 10 %), pre-treatment (the removal of water-soluble compounds), and activator addition
(MgO). The liquid to solid (L/S) ratio was 1/4 in all S/S experiments. The basic parameters
for the effectiveness assessments were compressive strength (UCS) and pollutants leaching
(Method 1311 Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, TCLP).
The conclusion is that, contrary to the pre-treatment process, the addition of MgO has
an overall positive effect on the S/S process of ALSW, ensuring both mechanical and
chemical stability. This ALWS solidificate, obtained through the S/S process by using MgO
as an activator, is safe for disposal, according to environmental regulations.
PB  - Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society
C3  - 9th Symposium Chemistry and Environmental Protection EnviroChem2023 with International Participation, Book of Abstracts, Kladovo, June 4-7, 2023
T1  - Stabilization/solidification process of alkali lead waste slag: influence of pre-treatment and addition of selected additives
SP  - 177
EP  - 178
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_6305
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Đokić, Jovana and Štulović, Marija and Korać, Marija and Anđić, Zoran and Kamberović, Željko",
year = "2023",
abstract = "More than 90 % of lead produced in Europe comes from secondary lead flows, of
which 85 % is attributed to waste lead-acid batteries (LAB). The main technological
approach for LAB processing implies pyrometallurgy by which 100–400 kg of waste slag
(WS) is generated per 1 ton of produced metallic lead. Due to recycling process parameters,
generated WS has great potential for releasing toxic elements contributing to environmental
pollution [1]. Namely, the most common flux in the recycling process is sodium-based
(Na2CO3) when alkali lead waste slag (ALWS) is generated, characterized as hazardous due
to its physical-chemical characteristics: high leachability, hygroscopic and pulverized
nature and, ultimately, instability [2,3]. Therefore, ALWS treatment prior to disposal should
be considered an integral part of waste LAB treatment systems. Immobilization of toxic
elements contained in slag is crucial and can be achieved by stabilization/solidification
processes (S/S) as one of the most widely used technologies in the treatment of heavy metal containing wastes for final disposal or utilization.
In this research, ALWS generated in the waste LAB recycling is used to determine
the S/S process efficiency as a function of the added binder amount (cement, in the range of
5 – 10 %), pre-treatment (the removal of water-soluble compounds), and activator addition
(MgO). The liquid to solid (L/S) ratio was 1/4 in all S/S experiments. The basic parameters
for the effectiveness assessments were compressive strength (UCS) and pollutants leaching
(Method 1311 Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, TCLP).
The conclusion is that, contrary to the pre-treatment process, the addition of MgO has
an overall positive effect on the S/S process of ALSW, ensuring both mechanical and
chemical stability. This ALWS solidificate, obtained through the S/S process by using MgO
as an activator, is safe for disposal, according to environmental regulations.",
publisher = "Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society",
journal = "9th Symposium Chemistry and Environmental Protection EnviroChem2023 with International Participation, Book of Abstracts, Kladovo, June 4-7, 2023",
title = "Stabilization/solidification process of alkali lead waste slag: influence of pre-treatment and addition of selected additives",
pages = "177-178",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_6305"
}

Đokić, J., Štulović, M., Korać, M., Anđić, Z.,& Kamberović, Ž.. (2023). Stabilization/solidification process of alkali lead waste slag: influence of pre-treatment and addition of selected additives. in 9th Symposium Chemistry and Environmental Protection EnviroChem2023 with International Participation, Book of Abstracts, Kladovo, June 4-7, 2023
Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society., 177-178.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_6305

Đokić J, Štulović M, Korać M, Anđić Z, Kamberović Ž. Stabilization/solidification process of alkali lead waste slag: influence of pre-treatment and addition of selected additives. in 9th Symposium Chemistry and Environmental Protection EnviroChem2023 with International Participation, Book of Abstracts, Kladovo, June 4-7, 2023. 2023;:177-178.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_6305 .

Đokić, Jovana, Štulović, Marija, Korać, Marija, Anđić, Zoran, Kamberović, Željko, "Stabilization/solidification process of alkali lead waste slag: influence of pre-treatment and addition of selected additives" in 9th Symposium Chemistry and Environmental Protection EnviroChem2023 with International Participation, Book of Abstracts, Kladovo, June 4-7, 2023 (2023):177-178,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_6305 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Đokić, Jovana
AU  - Gajić, Nataša
AU  - Anđić, Dimitrije Z.
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6237
AB  - During the conventional roast–leach–electrolysis (RLE) zinc production process, precipitation of the jarosite-type compounds is widely used to remove iron and other metal impurities from the solution. Above mentioned compounds, with the general formula MFe3(SO4)2(OH)6, (M+=NH4, Na, K, Ag, etc.), in addition to iron, contain a high concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Zn, In, Ga, Ge as metal oxides and/or sulfates [1]. Consequently, jarosite is considered hazardous yet valuable waste [2]. In addition, every year around 6-7 million tonnes of jarosite waste is generated globally [3]. Due to large waste volumes and its chemical characteristics, jarosite requires a lot of storage space and monitoring. Unfortunately, this type of waste is often landfilled causing serious environmental problems and irreversible metal and value losses. Hence, an urgent solution for both managing and utilization/recycling is required, to face needs regarding ecological demands and circular economy goals.
In this paper, jarosite sludge, as a specific type of hazardous industrial waste, is used to investigate transformation to the targeted compounds through the comprehensive thermodynamic analysis and experimental roasting process tests. The roasting was conducted to transform iron into insoluble hematite (Fe2O3), valuable metals (Zn, Cu, and In) into water-soluble sulfates, and to keep Pb in the form of water-insoluble anglesite (PbSO4). The solid residue obtained after roasting was used in leaching tests to further evaluate the efficiency of the targeted phase transformations.
Theoretical considerations of chemical reactions and phase thermodynamics were performed using the HSC Chemistry v.9.2.3 software [4] to define potential chemical reactions, examine the feasibility of the target transformations, and set the limiting reaction parameters. Further, in the first part of the experimental work, the influence of the roasting process and reaction parameters on the transformation of jarosite sludge phases into target compounds was investigated. This included variations in the reaction time, temperature, and furnace atmosphere influence. The leaching conditions were kept constant (temperature of 25 °C, during 60 min, and solid to liquid ratio of 1/5) to determine the efficiency of phase transformations in the samples obtained by roasting. Changes in the chemical and mineralogical composition and microstructure were analyzed using different analytical methods, including XRD and SEM analysis.
According to the obtained results of the roasting process, it was determined that the phase transformation of jarosite sludge compounds into targeted insoluble hematite and water-soluble sulfates occurs at 730 °C, the time required is 60 min in the air (oxidizing) atmosphere of 1-2 [dm3/h]/kg of the input material, which is in accordance with the results of the theoretical indications. Also, it is experimentally confirmed that the introduction of sulfate into the roasting
 
atmosphere leads to the incomplete transformation of jarosite and the formation of the unwanted Fe2(SO4)3. Leaching results of the sample obtained by the abovementioned optimal roasting conditions show that only 4.5% of Fe is leached while the rest remains as solid targeted hematite. Also, more than 75% of In and more than 90% of other targeted metals (Cu and Zn) are leached, indicating the high efficiency of the roasting process. Phase transformation was confirmed by SEM analysis, showing that hexagonal crystals of jarosite, dominating in the starting material, were completely replaced with the globular microstructure of Fe2O3, in the roasted samples. SEM analysis of the leaching residue also confirmed the absence of the water-soluble sulfates and the presence of the anglesite as water-insoluble sulfate. The phase composition of the samples is confirmed by XRD analysis.
This research shows that the proposed process enables the recycling of jarosite through metal transformation and further utilization. The obtained products can be used in industry, while the metal ions can be selectively separated from the sulfate solution and returned to the production streams. This approach contributes to the utilization of jarosite, as hazardous waste, in order to obtain valuable metals, and generally reduces the negative environmental impact by decreasing the amount of disposed waste and reducing the need for primary exploitation.
PB  - Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society
C3  - 9th Symposium Chemistry and Environmental Protection EnviroChem2023 with International Participation, Book of Abstracts, Kladovo, June 4-7, 2023
T1  - Jarosite sludge - utilization and valuable metals recovery applying roasting-leaching process
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_6237
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Đokić, Jovana and Gajić, Nataša and Anđić, Dimitrije Z. and Kamberović, Željko",
year = "2023",
abstract = "During the conventional roast–leach–electrolysis (RLE) zinc production process, precipitation of the jarosite-type compounds is widely used to remove iron and other metal impurities from the solution. Above mentioned compounds, with the general formula MFe3(SO4)2(OH)6, (M+=NH4, Na, K, Ag, etc.), in addition to iron, contain a high concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Zn, In, Ga, Ge as metal oxides and/or sulfates [1]. Consequently, jarosite is considered hazardous yet valuable waste [2]. In addition, every year around 6-7 million tonnes of jarosite waste is generated globally [3]. Due to large waste volumes and its chemical characteristics, jarosite requires a lot of storage space and monitoring. Unfortunately, this type of waste is often landfilled causing serious environmental problems and irreversible metal and value losses. Hence, an urgent solution for both managing and utilization/recycling is required, to face needs regarding ecological demands and circular economy goals.
In this paper, jarosite sludge, as a specific type of hazardous industrial waste, is used to investigate transformation to the targeted compounds through the comprehensive thermodynamic analysis and experimental roasting process tests. The roasting was conducted to transform iron into insoluble hematite (Fe2O3), valuable metals (Zn, Cu, and In) into water-soluble sulfates, and to keep Pb in the form of water-insoluble anglesite (PbSO4). The solid residue obtained after roasting was used in leaching tests to further evaluate the efficiency of the targeted phase transformations.
Theoretical considerations of chemical reactions and phase thermodynamics were performed using the HSC Chemistry v.9.2.3 software [4] to define potential chemical reactions, examine the feasibility of the target transformations, and set the limiting reaction parameters. Further, in the first part of the experimental work, the influence of the roasting process and reaction parameters on the transformation of jarosite sludge phases into target compounds was investigated. This included variations in the reaction time, temperature, and furnace atmosphere influence. The leaching conditions were kept constant (temperature of 25 °C, during 60 min, and solid to liquid ratio of 1/5) to determine the efficiency of phase transformations in the samples obtained by roasting. Changes in the chemical and mineralogical composition and microstructure were analyzed using different analytical methods, including XRD and SEM analysis.
According to the obtained results of the roasting process, it was determined that the phase transformation of jarosite sludge compounds into targeted insoluble hematite and water-soluble sulfates occurs at 730 °C, the time required is 60 min in the air (oxidizing) atmosphere of 1-2 [dm3/h]/kg of the input material, which is in accordance with the results of the theoretical indications. Also, it is experimentally confirmed that the introduction of sulfate into the roasting
 
atmosphere leads to the incomplete transformation of jarosite and the formation of the unwanted Fe2(SO4)3. Leaching results of the sample obtained by the abovementioned optimal roasting conditions show that only 4.5% of Fe is leached while the rest remains as solid targeted hematite. Also, more than 75% of In and more than 90% of other targeted metals (Cu and Zn) are leached, indicating the high efficiency of the roasting process. Phase transformation was confirmed by SEM analysis, showing that hexagonal crystals of jarosite, dominating in the starting material, were completely replaced with the globular microstructure of Fe2O3, in the roasted samples. SEM analysis of the leaching residue also confirmed the absence of the water-soluble sulfates and the presence of the anglesite as water-insoluble sulfate. The phase composition of the samples is confirmed by XRD analysis.
This research shows that the proposed process enables the recycling of jarosite through metal transformation and further utilization. The obtained products can be used in industry, while the metal ions can be selectively separated from the sulfate solution and returned to the production streams. This approach contributes to the utilization of jarosite, as hazardous waste, in order to obtain valuable metals, and generally reduces the negative environmental impact by decreasing the amount of disposed waste and reducing the need for primary exploitation.",
publisher = "Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society",
journal = "9th Symposium Chemistry and Environmental Protection EnviroChem2023 with International Participation, Book of Abstracts, Kladovo, June 4-7, 2023",
title = "Jarosite sludge - utilization and valuable metals recovery applying roasting-leaching process",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_6237"
}

Đokić, J., Gajić, N., Anđić, D. Z.,& Kamberović, Ž.. (2023). Jarosite sludge - utilization and valuable metals recovery applying roasting-leaching process. in 9th Symposium Chemistry and Environmental Protection EnviroChem2023 with International Participation, Book of Abstracts, Kladovo, June 4-7, 2023
Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society..
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_6237

Đokić J, Gajić N, Anđić DZ, Kamberović Ž. Jarosite sludge - utilization and valuable metals recovery applying roasting-leaching process. in 9th Symposium Chemistry and Environmental Protection EnviroChem2023 with International Participation, Book of Abstracts, Kladovo, June 4-7, 2023. 2023;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_6237 .

Đokić, Jovana, Gajić, Nataša, Anđić, Dimitrije Z., Kamberović, Željko, "Jarosite sludge - utilization and valuable metals recovery applying roasting-leaching process" in 9th Symposium Chemistry and Environmental Protection EnviroChem2023 with International Participation, Book of Abstracts, Kladovo, June 4-7, 2023 (2023),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_6237 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Đokić, Jovana
AU  - Štulović, Marija
AU  - Korać, Marija
AU  - Anđić, Zoran
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6236
AB  - More than 90% of lead produced in Europe comes from secondary lead flows, of which 85% is attributed to waste lead-acid batteries (LAB). The main technological approach for LAB processing implies pyrometallurgy by which 100–400 kg of waste slag (WS) is generated per 1 ton of produced metallic lead. Due to recycling process parameters, generated WS has great potential for releasing toxic elements contributing to environmental pollution [1]. Namely, the most common flux in the recycling process is sodium-based (Na2CO3) when alkali lead waste slag (ALWS) is generated, characterized as hazardous due to its physical-chemical characteristics: high leachability, hygroscopic and pulverized nature and, ultimately, instability [2,3]. Therefore, ALWS treatment prior to disposal should be considered an integral part of waste LAB treatment systems. Immobilization of toxic elements contained in slag is crucial and can be achieved by stabilization/solidification processes (S/S) as one of the most widely used technologies in the treatment of heavy metal-containing wastes for final disposal or utilization.
In this research, ALWS generated in the waste LAB recycling is used to determine the S/S process efficiency as a function of the added binder amount (cement, in the range of 5 – 10 %), pre-treatment (the removal of water-soluble compounds), and activator addition (MgO). The liquid to solid (L/S) ratio was 1/4 in all S/S experiments. The basic parameters for the effectiveness assessments were compressive strength (UCS) and pollutants leaching (Method 1311 Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, TCLP).
ALWS containing 3.5 Pb, 15.5 Na, 14.0 S, and 24.7 Fe was mixed with cement and water. The results of UCS showed that all produced solidificates exceeded the required value of 0.35 MPa [4], yet the mixture containing 7.5 % of the cement has the best mechanical properties (2.1 MPa). This sample was further analyzed and the TCLP results showed that the Pb concentration exceeds the limit values for stabilized slag (10.4 and 5 ppm, respectively). In the next set, ALWS was pre-treated by continuous rinser (30 ºC, 60 min, L/S 4). Obtained results of UCS (0.4 MPa) and TCLP (53.4 ppm) were unfavorable. The last set, besides the binder, included activator addition (MgO, 7.5 %) altogether with a high content of untreated ALWS (85 %). Analysis of the produced solidificates showed favorable and acceptable results (USC - 3.3 MPa, TCLP – Pb 4.5 ppm). 
Generally, in an alkaline slag-leaching solution lead precipitates as a complex mixture (PbO, Pb(OH)2, PbO×Pb(OH)2). Lead oxides are amphoteric and dissolve in an alkaline aqueous solution, leading to poor solidification. Also, lead present in surface coatings around cement grains prevents cement hydration. Simultaneously, the migration of lead to the surrounding water is promoted. The negative effect of the pre-treatment is a consequence of the sulfate ions absence, as well as the absence of the ettringite (Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12×26H2O) and sulfate- AFm phases [5], which negatively affect the strength of the product. The addition of MgO benefits the S/S process through hydrotalcite-like phase formation ([M1-
2+M 3+(OH) ][A   n-×mH O], M2+=Mg, Zn, Ni, Fe; M3+=Al, Cr, Fe; A=CO 2-,
NO -, Cl-), a compound capable of metal adsorption, hence immobilization [6].
The conclusion is that, contrary to the pre-treatment process, the addition of MgO has an overall positive effect on the S/S process of ALSW, ensuring both mechanical and chemical stability. This ALWS solidificate, obtained through the S/S process by using MgO as an activator, is safe for disposal, according to environmental regulations.
PB  - Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society
C3  - 9th Symposium Chemistry and Environmental Protection EnviroChem2023 with International Participation, Book of Abstracts, Kladovo, June 4-7, 2023
T1  - Stabilization/solidification process of alkali lead waste slag: influence of pretreatment and addition of selected additives
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_6236
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Đokić, Jovana and Štulović, Marija and Korać, Marija and Anđić, Zoran and Kamberović, Željko",
year = "2023",
abstract = "More than 90% of lead produced in Europe comes from secondary lead flows, of which 85% is attributed to waste lead-acid batteries (LAB). The main technological approach for LAB processing implies pyrometallurgy by which 100–400 kg of waste slag (WS) is generated per 1 ton of produced metallic lead. Due to recycling process parameters, generated WS has great potential for releasing toxic elements contributing to environmental pollution [1]. Namely, the most common flux in the recycling process is sodium-based (Na2CO3) when alkali lead waste slag (ALWS) is generated, characterized as hazardous due to its physical-chemical characteristics: high leachability, hygroscopic and pulverized nature and, ultimately, instability [2,3]. Therefore, ALWS treatment prior to disposal should be considered an integral part of waste LAB treatment systems. Immobilization of toxic elements contained in slag is crucial and can be achieved by stabilization/solidification processes (S/S) as one of the most widely used technologies in the treatment of heavy metal-containing wastes for final disposal or utilization.
In this research, ALWS generated in the waste LAB recycling is used to determine the S/S process efficiency as a function of the added binder amount (cement, in the range of 5 – 10 %), pre-treatment (the removal of water-soluble compounds), and activator addition (MgO). The liquid to solid (L/S) ratio was 1/4 in all S/S experiments. The basic parameters for the effectiveness assessments were compressive strength (UCS) and pollutants leaching (Method 1311 Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, TCLP).
ALWS containing 3.5 Pb, 15.5 Na, 14.0 S, and 24.7 Fe was mixed with cement and water. The results of UCS showed that all produced solidificates exceeded the required value of 0.35 MPa [4], yet the mixture containing 7.5 % of the cement has the best mechanical properties (2.1 MPa). This sample was further analyzed and the TCLP results showed that the Pb concentration exceeds the limit values for stabilized slag (10.4 and 5 ppm, respectively). In the next set, ALWS was pre-treated by continuous rinser (30 ºC, 60 min, L/S 4). Obtained results of UCS (0.4 MPa) and TCLP (53.4 ppm) were unfavorable. The last set, besides the binder, included activator addition (MgO, 7.5 %) altogether with a high content of untreated ALWS (85 %). Analysis of the produced solidificates showed favorable and acceptable results (USC - 3.3 MPa, TCLP – Pb 4.5 ppm). 
Generally, in an alkaline slag-leaching solution lead precipitates as a complex mixture (PbO, Pb(OH)2, PbO×Pb(OH)2). Lead oxides are amphoteric and dissolve in an alkaline aqueous solution, leading to poor solidification. Also, lead present in surface coatings around cement grains prevents cement hydration. Simultaneously, the migration of lead to the surrounding water is promoted. The negative effect of the pre-treatment is a consequence of the sulfate ions absence, as well as the absence of the ettringite (Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12×26H2O) and sulfate- AFm phases [5], which negatively affect the strength of the product. The addition of MgO benefits the S/S process through hydrotalcite-like phase formation ([M1-
2+M 3+(OH) ][A   n-×mH O], M2+=Mg, Zn, Ni, Fe; M3+=Al, Cr, Fe; A=CO 2-,
NO -, Cl-), a compound capable of metal adsorption, hence immobilization [6].
The conclusion is that, contrary to the pre-treatment process, the addition of MgO has an overall positive effect on the S/S process of ALSW, ensuring both mechanical and chemical stability. This ALWS solidificate, obtained through the S/S process by using MgO as an activator, is safe for disposal, according to environmental regulations.",
publisher = "Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society",
journal = "9th Symposium Chemistry and Environmental Protection EnviroChem2023 with International Participation, Book of Abstracts, Kladovo, June 4-7, 2023",
title = "Stabilization/solidification process of alkali lead waste slag: influence of pretreatment and addition of selected additives",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_6236"
}

Đokić, J., Štulović, M., Korać, M., Anđić, Z.,& Kamberović, Ž.. (2023). Stabilization/solidification process of alkali lead waste slag: influence of pretreatment and addition of selected additives. in 9th Symposium Chemistry and Environmental Protection EnviroChem2023 with International Participation, Book of Abstracts, Kladovo, June 4-7, 2023
Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society..
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_6236

Đokić J, Štulović M, Korać M, Anđić Z, Kamberović Ž. Stabilization/solidification process of alkali lead waste slag: influence of pretreatment and addition of selected additives. in 9th Symposium Chemistry and Environmental Protection EnviroChem2023 with International Participation, Book of Abstracts, Kladovo, June 4-7, 2023. 2023;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_6236 .

Đokić, Jovana, Štulović, Marija, Korać, Marija, Anđić, Zoran, Kamberović, Željko, "Stabilization/solidification process of alkali lead waste slag: influence of pretreatment and addition of selected additives" in 9th Symposium Chemistry and Environmental Protection EnviroChem2023 with International Participation, Book of Abstracts, Kladovo, June 4-7, 2023 (2023),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_6236 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Balšić, Violeta
AU  - Đokić, Jovana
AU  - Anđić, Zoran
AU  - Jevtić, Sanja
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5715
AB  - Baterije su jedan od najčešće korišćenih izvora energije. Međutim, nakon
upotrebe, one predstavljaju ekološki problem. Kao rešenje, nameće se reciklaža kojom
iskorišćene baterije postaju sekundarni izvori korisnih metala što njihovu proizvodnju
čini ekonomski značajno isplativijom. Da bi se postupak reciklaže prilagodio očuvanju
životne sredine neophodno je pronalaženje ekološki prihvatljivih i efikasnih postupaka.
Kao moguće rešenje nameće se postupak kojim bi se, nakon vakuum pirolize baterija,
korisni metali vezali na odgovarajući adsorbent te ponovo iskoristili. Kao adsorbenti
ispitani su alumosilikatni minerali: lako dostupan i ekonomski isplativ prirodni zeolit
ležišta Zlatokop, Vranjska Banja, i sintetički zeolit A, dobijen laboratorijskom sintezom
iz otpadnog letećeg pepela deponije termoelektrane Morava, Svilajnac. Rendgenskom
difrakcijom praha potvrđeno je da sintetisani uzorak pripada strukturnom tipu LTA,
odnosno zeolitu A, kao i da u zeolitnom tufu dominira klinoptilolit, najzastupljeniji
prirodni zeolit. Ispitivanjem termičkih svojstava pokazno je da su oba zeolita stabilna do
800 °C. Efikasnost adsorpcije ispitana je iz višekomponetnog kondenzata u kome su bili
prisutni joni Cd(II), Pb(II) i Hg(II). Dobijeni rezultati pokazali su da prirodni zeolit ima
najveći afinitet prema kadmijumu (98%), zatim prema olovu (65%) i živi (45%). Jedino
u slučaju žive brzina mešanja pozitivno utiče na stepen adsorpcije. Zeolit A pokazao je
maksimalnu efikasnost (100%) u odnosu na olovo(II) i kadmijum(II), dok živu(II) nije
vezao što bi se moglo pripisati kompeticiji prisutnih jona u rastvoru, manjoj specifičnoj
površini, kao i manjem kapacitetu katjonske izmene u poređenju sa prirodnim zeolitom.
Podaci dobijeni ispitivanjem kinetike adsorpcije pokazali su da se maksimalna efikasnost
ostvaruje za vrlo kratko vreme korišćenjem kako prirodnog, tako i zeolita dobijenog iz otapadnih sirovina čime je moguće valorizovati korisne metale iz istrošenih baterija i na
taj način produžiti njihov vek trajanja.
PB  - Novi Sad : Faculty of Technical Sciences
C3  - First Scientific Conference with International Participation, Circular economy and environmental labelling - CEEL 2021, Novi Sad, 29th January 2021
T1  - Adsorpcija korisnih metala iz kondenzata dobijenog vakuum pirolizom baterija na alumosilikatnim mineralima
SP  - 8
EP  - 9
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5715
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Balšić, Violeta and Đokić, Jovana and Anđić, Zoran and Jevtić, Sanja and Kamberović, Željko",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Baterije su jedan od najčešće korišćenih izvora energije. Međutim, nakon
upotrebe, one predstavljaju ekološki problem. Kao rešenje, nameće se reciklaža kojom
iskorišćene baterije postaju sekundarni izvori korisnih metala što njihovu proizvodnju
čini ekonomski značajno isplativijom. Da bi se postupak reciklaže prilagodio očuvanju
životne sredine neophodno je pronalaženje ekološki prihvatljivih i efikasnih postupaka.
Kao moguće rešenje nameće se postupak kojim bi se, nakon vakuum pirolize baterija,
korisni metali vezali na odgovarajući adsorbent te ponovo iskoristili. Kao adsorbenti
ispitani su alumosilikatni minerali: lako dostupan i ekonomski isplativ prirodni zeolit
ležišta Zlatokop, Vranjska Banja, i sintetički zeolit A, dobijen laboratorijskom sintezom
iz otpadnog letećeg pepela deponije termoelektrane Morava, Svilajnac. Rendgenskom
difrakcijom praha potvrđeno je da sintetisani uzorak pripada strukturnom tipu LTA,
odnosno zeolitu A, kao i da u zeolitnom tufu dominira klinoptilolit, najzastupljeniji
prirodni zeolit. Ispitivanjem termičkih svojstava pokazno je da su oba zeolita stabilna do
800 °C. Efikasnost adsorpcije ispitana je iz višekomponetnog kondenzata u kome su bili
prisutni joni Cd(II), Pb(II) i Hg(II). Dobijeni rezultati pokazali su da prirodni zeolit ima
najveći afinitet prema kadmijumu (98%), zatim prema olovu (65%) i živi (45%). Jedino
u slučaju žive brzina mešanja pozitivno utiče na stepen adsorpcije. Zeolit A pokazao je
maksimalnu efikasnost (100%) u odnosu na olovo(II) i kadmijum(II), dok živu(II) nije
vezao što bi se moglo pripisati kompeticiji prisutnih jona u rastvoru, manjoj specifičnoj
površini, kao i manjem kapacitetu katjonske izmene u poređenju sa prirodnim zeolitom.
Podaci dobijeni ispitivanjem kinetike adsorpcije pokazali su da se maksimalna efikasnost
ostvaruje za vrlo kratko vreme korišćenjem kako prirodnog, tako i zeolita dobijenog iz otapadnih sirovina čime je moguće valorizovati korisne metale iz istrošenih baterija i na
taj način produžiti njihov vek trajanja.",
publisher = "Novi Sad : Faculty of Technical Sciences",
journal = "First Scientific Conference with International Participation, Circular economy and environmental labelling - CEEL 2021, Novi Sad, 29th January 2021",
title = "Adsorpcija korisnih metala iz kondenzata dobijenog vakuum pirolizom baterija na alumosilikatnim mineralima",
pages = "8-9",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5715"
}

Balšić, V., Đokić, J., Anđić, Z., Jevtić, S.,& Kamberović, Ž.. (2021). Adsorpcija korisnih metala iz kondenzata dobijenog vakuum pirolizom baterija na alumosilikatnim mineralima. in First Scientific Conference with International Participation, Circular economy and environmental labelling - CEEL 2021, Novi Sad, 29th January 2021
Novi Sad : Faculty of Technical Sciences., 8-9.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5715

Balšić V, Đokić J, Anđić Z, Jevtić S, Kamberović Ž. Adsorpcija korisnih metala iz kondenzata dobijenog vakuum pirolizom baterija na alumosilikatnim mineralima. in First Scientific Conference with International Participation, Circular economy and environmental labelling - CEEL 2021, Novi Sad, 29th January 2021. 2021;:8-9.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5715 .

Balšić, Violeta, Đokić, Jovana, Anđić, Zoran, Jevtić, Sanja, Kamberović, Željko, "Adsorpcija korisnih metala iz kondenzata dobijenog vakuum pirolizom baterija na alumosilikatnim mineralima" in First Scientific Conference with International Participation, Circular economy and environmental labelling - CEEL 2021, Novi Sad, 29th January 2021 (2021):8-9,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5715 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Milošević, Anđela
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
AU  - Manojlović, Vaso
AU  - Đokić, Jovana
AU  - Gajić, Nataša
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5367
AB  - Given the constant development of the high-tech industry, consumer-oriented societies, and reduced electronic equipment's lifespan, the outcome of growth and accumulation of waste is inevitable. Yet, specific electronic equipment components, such as central processing unit (CPU), are carriers of valuable metals, primarily precious, so waste electronic equipment become of recyclable interest. However, inadequate technological processing, particularly in the informal recycling sectors, leads to valuable metals losses. This approach has a negative economic and environmental impact: valuable material is usually considered as waste and landfilled with metals trapped in it, while due to increasing demand, metals are being exploited from natural resources.
In this sense, there is an unquestionable need for an innovative recycling approach and adequate waste management that would lead to i) the decrease of natural exploitation, ii) the removal of waste accumulated in the environment, and iii) better utilization of material flows.
The aim of this paper is an evaluation of the potential of waste CPU acid leaching residue as secondary material and the proposal of the innovative design of an adequate technological process for CPU recycling and recovery of valuable metals while minimizing their loss. The first part of the study included the characterization of the CPU acid leaching residue. Results of the research point out that precious metals content is significant, and material could be further exploited as secondary raw material. However, further optimization of process parameters is needed to achieve the most efficient valorization. A conceptual proposal of the technological scheme for metal recovery is given in the second part, considering two approaches: hydro- and pyrometallurgical methods.
An innovative approach for recycling and waste management can contribute to the ultimate goal nowadays globally set as an imperative: achieving a circular economy through improved material flows management.
PB  - Novi Sad : Faculty of Technical Sciences
C3  - First Scientific Conference with International Participation, Circular Economy and Environmental Labelling, CEEL 2021, Book of Abstracts, Novi Sad, 29th January 2021
T1  - Characterization of waste computers processors and proposal of the metals valorization process
SP  - 5
EP  - 6
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5367
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Milošević, Anđela and Kamberović, Željko and Manojlović, Vaso and Đokić, Jovana and Gajić, Nataša",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Given the constant development of the high-tech industry, consumer-oriented societies, and reduced electronic equipment's lifespan, the outcome of growth and accumulation of waste is inevitable. Yet, specific electronic equipment components, such as central processing unit (CPU), are carriers of valuable metals, primarily precious, so waste electronic equipment become of recyclable interest. However, inadequate technological processing, particularly in the informal recycling sectors, leads to valuable metals losses. This approach has a negative economic and environmental impact: valuable material is usually considered as waste and landfilled with metals trapped in it, while due to increasing demand, metals are being exploited from natural resources.
In this sense, there is an unquestionable need for an innovative recycling approach and adequate waste management that would lead to i) the decrease of natural exploitation, ii) the removal of waste accumulated in the environment, and iii) better utilization of material flows.
The aim of this paper is an evaluation of the potential of waste CPU acid leaching residue as secondary material and the proposal of the innovative design of an adequate technological process for CPU recycling and recovery of valuable metals while minimizing their loss. The first part of the study included the characterization of the CPU acid leaching residue. Results of the research point out that precious metals content is significant, and material could be further exploited as secondary raw material. However, further optimization of process parameters is needed to achieve the most efficient valorization. A conceptual proposal of the technological scheme for metal recovery is given in the second part, considering two approaches: hydro- and pyrometallurgical methods.
An innovative approach for recycling and waste management can contribute to the ultimate goal nowadays globally set as an imperative: achieving a circular economy through improved material flows management.",
publisher = "Novi Sad : Faculty of Technical Sciences",
journal = "First Scientific Conference with International Participation, Circular Economy and Environmental Labelling, CEEL 2021, Book of Abstracts, Novi Sad, 29th January 2021",
title = "Characterization of waste computers processors and proposal of the metals valorization process",
pages = "5-6",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5367"
}

Milošević, A., Kamberović, Ž., Manojlović, V., Đokić, J.,& Gajić, N.. (2021). Characterization of waste computers processors and proposal of the metals valorization process. in First Scientific Conference with International Participation, Circular Economy and Environmental Labelling, CEEL 2021, Book of Abstracts, Novi Sad, 29th January 2021
Novi Sad : Faculty of Technical Sciences., 5-6.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5367

Milošević A, Kamberović Ž, Manojlović V, Đokić J, Gajić N. Characterization of waste computers processors and proposal of the metals valorization process. in First Scientific Conference with International Participation, Circular Economy and Environmental Labelling, CEEL 2021, Book of Abstracts, Novi Sad, 29th January 2021. 2021;:5-6.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5367 .

Milošević, Anđela, Kamberović, Željko, Manojlović, Vaso, Đokić, Jovana, Gajić, Nataša, "Characterization of waste computers processors and proposal of the metals valorization process" in First Scientific Conference with International Participation, Circular Economy and Environmental Labelling, CEEL 2021, Book of Abstracts, Novi Sad, 29th January 2021 (2021):5-6,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5367 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Đokić, Jovana
AU  - Radovanović, Dragana
AU  - Nikolovski, Zlatko
AU  - Anđić, Zoran
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/9/1383
UR  - https://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4666
AB  - In order to reflect possible issues in future sole e-waste processing, an electrolyte of complex chemical composition reflecting system of sole e-waste processing was obtained by following a specially designed pyro-electrometallurgical method. The obtained non-standard electrolyte was further used for the purpose of comprehensive metal interference evaluation on the copper solvent extraction (SX) process. Optimization of the process included a variation of several process parameters, allowing determination of the effect of the most abundant and potentially the most influential impurities (Ni, Sn, Fe, and Zn) and 14 other trace elements. Moreover, comparing three commercial extractants of different active chelating groups, it was determined that branched aldoxime reagent is favorable for Cu extraction from the chemically complex system, as can be expected in future e-waste recycling. The results of this study showed that, under optimal conditions of 20 vol.% extractant concentration, feed pH 1.5, O/A ratio 3, and 10-min phase contact time, 88.1% of one stage Cu extraction was achieved. Co-extraction of the Fe, Zn, Ni, and Sn was under 8%, while Pb and trace elements were negligible. Optimal conditions (H2SO4 180 g/L, O/A = 2, and contact time 5 min) enabled 95.3% Cu stripping and under 6% of the most influential impurities. In addition, an impurity monitoring and distribution methodology enabled a better understanding and design of the process for the more efficient valorization of metals from e-waste.
T2  - Metals
T1  - Influence of Electrolyte Impurities from E-Waste Electrorefining on Copper Extraction Recovery
VL  - 11
IS  - 9
SP  - 1383
DO  - 10.3390/met11091383
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Đokić, Jovana and Radovanović, Dragana and Nikolovski, Zlatko and Anđić, Zoran and Kamberović, Željko",
year = "2021",
abstract = "In order to reflect possible issues in future sole e-waste processing, an electrolyte of complex chemical composition reflecting system of sole e-waste processing was obtained by following a specially designed pyro-electrometallurgical method. The obtained non-standard electrolyte was further used for the purpose of comprehensive metal interference evaluation on the copper solvent extraction (SX) process. Optimization of the process included a variation of several process parameters, allowing determination of the effect of the most abundant and potentially the most influential impurities (Ni, Sn, Fe, and Zn) and 14 other trace elements. Moreover, comparing three commercial extractants of different active chelating groups, it was determined that branched aldoxime reagent is favorable for Cu extraction from the chemically complex system, as can be expected in future e-waste recycling. The results of this study showed that, under optimal conditions of 20 vol.% extractant concentration, feed pH 1.5, O/A ratio 3, and 10-min phase contact time, 88.1% of one stage Cu extraction was achieved. Co-extraction of the Fe, Zn, Ni, and Sn was under 8%, while Pb and trace elements were negligible. Optimal conditions (H2SO4 180 g/L, O/A = 2, and contact time 5 min) enabled 95.3% Cu stripping and under 6% of the most influential impurities. In addition, an impurity monitoring and distribution methodology enabled a better understanding and design of the process for the more efficient valorization of metals from e-waste.",
journal = "Metals",
title = "Influence of Electrolyte Impurities from E-Waste Electrorefining on Copper Extraction Recovery",
volume = "11",
number = "9",
pages = "1383",
doi = "10.3390/met11091383"
}

Đokić, J., Radovanović, D., Nikolovski, Z., Anđić, Z.,& Kamberović, Ž.. (2021). Influence of Electrolyte Impurities from E-Waste Electrorefining on Copper Extraction Recovery. in Metals, 11(9), 1383.
https://doi.org/10.3390/met11091383

Đokić J, Radovanović D, Nikolovski Z, Anđić Z, Kamberović Ž. Influence of Electrolyte Impurities from E-Waste Electrorefining on Copper Extraction Recovery. in Metals. 2021;11(9):1383.
doi:10.3390/met11091383 .

Đokić, Jovana, Radovanović, Dragana, Nikolovski, Zlatko, Anđić, Zoran, Kamberović, Željko, "Influence of Electrolyte Impurities from E-Waste Electrorefining on Copper Extraction Recovery" in Metals, 11, no. 9 (2021):1383,
https://doi.org/10.3390/met11091383 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Đokić, Jovana
AU  - Jovančićević, Branimir
AU  - Brčeski, Ilija
AU  - Ranitović, Milisav
AU  - Gajić, Nataša
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4276
AB  - Anode slime and tin precipitate as by-products of the electrorefining (ER) of non-standard anodes obtained after experimental smelting of waste electric and electronic equipment (e-waste), in addition to the base and precious metals, contains a significant amount of tin. Due to its presence as inert SnO2 hydrate (β metastannic acid) and its dissipation between slime and electrolyte, anode slime processing and metals valorization are difficult. This study aimed to investigate conditions under which efficient leaching of metastannic acid could be achieved to facilitate further metals valorization, especially precious metals. The investigation was performed using the by-products obtained from the ER of the non-standard Cu anodes produced by pyrometallurgical processing of e-waste. After detailed characterization of obtained products, the influence of various process parameters like temperature, acid concentration, leaching time, as well as the influence of reducing agent, sulfur compounds, and SnO2 hydration rate on leaching efficiency was investigated. It was found that efficiency of 99% can be achieved by leaching the desulfurized tin precipitate sample in 6 M HCl at 90 °C for 90 min with the addition of Mg powder. The application of the tin removal process, described in this paper, contributes to efficient material flow management.
PB  - Springer
T2  - Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management
T1  - Leaching of metastannic acid from e-waste by-products
VL  - 22
IS  - 6
SP  - 1899
EP  - 1912
DO  - 10.1007/s10163-020-01076-5
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Đokić, Jovana and Jovančićević, Branimir and Brčeski, Ilija and Ranitović, Milisav and Gajić, Nataša and Kamberović, Željko",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Anode slime and tin precipitate as by-products of the electrorefining (ER) of non-standard anodes obtained after experimental smelting of waste electric and electronic equipment (e-waste), in addition to the base and precious metals, contains a significant amount of tin. Due to its presence as inert SnO2 hydrate (β metastannic acid) and its dissipation between slime and electrolyte, anode slime processing and metals valorization are difficult. This study aimed to investigate conditions under which efficient leaching of metastannic acid could be achieved to facilitate further metals valorization, especially precious metals. The investigation was performed using the by-products obtained from the ER of the non-standard Cu anodes produced by pyrometallurgical processing of e-waste. After detailed characterization of obtained products, the influence of various process parameters like temperature, acid concentration, leaching time, as well as the influence of reducing agent, sulfur compounds, and SnO2 hydration rate on leaching efficiency was investigated. It was found that efficiency of 99% can be achieved by leaching the desulfurized tin precipitate sample in 6 M HCl at 90 °C for 90 min with the addition of Mg powder. The application of the tin removal process, described in this paper, contributes to efficient material flow management.",
publisher = "Springer",
journal = "Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management",
title = "Leaching of metastannic acid from e-waste by-products",
volume = "22",
number = "6",
pages = "1899-1912",
doi = "10.1007/s10163-020-01076-5"
}

Đokić, J., Jovančićević, B., Brčeski, I., Ranitović, M., Gajić, N.,& Kamberović, Ž.. (2020). Leaching of metastannic acid from e-waste by-products. in Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management
Springer., 22(6), 1899-1912.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-020-01076-5

Đokić J, Jovančićević B, Brčeski I, Ranitović M, Gajić N, Kamberović Ž. Leaching of metastannic acid from e-waste by-products. in Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management. 2020;22(6):1899-1912.
doi:10.1007/s10163-020-01076-5 .

Đokić, Jovana, Jovančićević, Branimir, Brčeski, Ilija, Ranitović, Milisav, Gajić, Nataša, Kamberović, Željko, "Leaching of metastannic acid from e-waste by-products" in Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 22, no. 6 (2020):1899-1912,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-020-01076-5 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Korać, Marija
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
AU  - Anđić, Zoran
AU  - Stopić, Srećko
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4175
AB  - This paper presents thermochemical synthesis of copper/alumina nanocomposites in a Cu-Al2O3 system with 1–2.5 wt.% of alumina and their characterization, which included: transmission electron microscopy: focused ion beam (FIB), analytical electron microscopy (AEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Thermodynamic analysis was used to study the formation mechanism of desirable products during drying, thermal decomposition and reduction processes. Upon synthesis of powders, samples were cold pressed (2 GPa) in tools dimension 8 × 32 × 2 mm and sintered at temperatures within the range 800–1000 °C for 15 to 120 min in a hydrogen atmosphere. Results of characterization showed that dispersion-strengthened compacts could be produced by sintering of thermo-chemically prepared Cu-Al2O3 powders with properties suitable for material application, such as a contact material exhibiting high strength and high electrical conductivity at the same time. Additional research was carried out in order to analyze the application of the obtained nanocomposite powders for the synthesis of copper/alumina nanocomposites by a new method, which is a combination of a thermochemical procedure and mechanical alloying. The measured values of an electric conductivity and hardness were compared with ones in literature, confirming an advantage of the proposed combined strategy.
PB  - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
T2  - Metals
T1  - Advances in Thermochemical Synthesis and Characterization of the Prepared Copper/Alumina Nanocomposites
VL  - 10
IS  - 6
SP  - 719
DO  - 10.3390/met10060719
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Korać, Marija and Kamberović, Željko and Anđić, Zoran and Stopić, Srećko",
year = "2020",
abstract = "This paper presents thermochemical synthesis of copper/alumina nanocomposites in a Cu-Al2O3 system with 1–2.5 wt.% of alumina and their characterization, which included: transmission electron microscopy: focused ion beam (FIB), analytical electron microscopy (AEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Thermodynamic analysis was used to study the formation mechanism of desirable products during drying, thermal decomposition and reduction processes. Upon synthesis of powders, samples were cold pressed (2 GPa) in tools dimension 8 × 32 × 2 mm and sintered at temperatures within the range 800–1000 °C for 15 to 120 min in a hydrogen atmosphere. Results of characterization showed that dispersion-strengthened compacts could be produced by sintering of thermo-chemically prepared Cu-Al2O3 powders with properties suitable for material application, such as a contact material exhibiting high strength and high electrical conductivity at the same time. Additional research was carried out in order to analyze the application of the obtained nanocomposite powders for the synthesis of copper/alumina nanocomposites by a new method, which is a combination of a thermochemical procedure and mechanical alloying. The measured values of an electric conductivity and hardness were compared with ones in literature, confirming an advantage of the proposed combined strategy.",
publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",
journal = "Metals",
title = "Advances in Thermochemical Synthesis and Characterization of the Prepared Copper/Alumina Nanocomposites",
volume = "10",
number = "6",
pages = "719",
doi = "10.3390/met10060719"
}

Korać, M., Kamberović, Ž., Anđić, Z.,& Stopić, S.. (2020). Advances in Thermochemical Synthesis and Characterization of the Prepared Copper/Alumina Nanocomposites. in Metals
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)., 10(6), 719.
https://doi.org/10.3390/met10060719

Korać M, Kamberović Ž, Anđić Z, Stopić S. Advances in Thermochemical Synthesis and Characterization of the Prepared Copper/Alumina Nanocomposites. in Metals. 2020;10(6):719.
doi:10.3390/met10060719 .

Korać, Marija, Kamberović, Željko, Anđić, Zoran, Stopić, Srećko, "Advances in Thermochemical Synthesis and Characterization of the Prepared Copper/Alumina Nanocomposites" in Metals, 10, no. 6 (2020):719,
https://doi.org/10.3390/met10060719 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
AU  - Ranitović, Milisav
AU  - Korać, Marija
AU  - Đokić, Jovana
AU  - Gajić, Nataša
AU  - Jovanović, Nikola
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5365
AB  - Materials scarcity and supply risks have become significant issues. Accordingly, high efficient material valorization from secondary sources has emerged as a response to the resource pressures and demand for more sustainable production models. Among others, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) represent a secondary material which contains a significant amount of critical materials. However, considering the established industrial practice which is mostly focused on the recovery of Cu and Au, this waste is not processed correctly, which eventually hinders its true potentials. A range of techniques and operations are currently applied for materials recovery from WEEE. The essential features of these systems generally follow the scheme of independent pre-processing (disassembly, size reduction, separation) and end-processing (reductive smelting, pyro-hydro-electro refining) operations. However, in this way, both functional and sustainable recovery of materials is not implemented correctly, which leads to lower recoveries and losses of the metal values. Additionally,
due to the high material diversity, different elements, with different metallurgical properties and in different concentrations are introduced, why process control is much more difficult. Therefore, the development of the highly efficient process for selective metals recovery is crucial for overall improvements. 
This paper presents experimental results for selective metals recovery from 
WEEE combining the different pyro-hydrometallurgical operations. Experimental results showed that due to the complex metallurgical reactions, pure pyrometallurgical treatment leads to the distribution of metals in melting products, deviating from the theoretical and expected. However, these results led to a more comprehensive understanding of the reaction systems and contributed to an optimized design of processing operations. This will allow recycling companies to become competitive in the regional market and beyond, which is particularly essential for small and medium enterprises with lower operating capacities.
Successful implementation of the developed state-of-art technological process, guarantee a more efficient approach to recycling processes, production of new materials which supports the concepts of sustainable development and circular economy.
PB  - Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia (AMES)
C3  - MME SEE 2019 Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Congress of South-East Europe, Book of Abstracts, June 5 - 7, 2019 Belgrade, Serbia
T1  - Integrated recycling of the critical raw materials from waste electronics
SP  - 37
EP  - 37
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5365
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Kamberović, Željko and Ranitović, Milisav and Korać, Marija and Đokić, Jovana and Gajić, Nataša and Jovanović, Nikola",
year = "2019",
abstract = "Materials scarcity and supply risks have become significant issues. Accordingly, high efficient material valorization from secondary sources has emerged as a response to the resource pressures and demand for more sustainable production models. Among others, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) represent a secondary material which contains a significant amount of critical materials. However, considering the established industrial practice which is mostly focused on the recovery of Cu and Au, this waste is not processed correctly, which eventually hinders its true potentials. A range of techniques and operations are currently applied for materials recovery from WEEE. The essential features of these systems generally follow the scheme of independent pre-processing (disassembly, size reduction, separation) and end-processing (reductive smelting, pyro-hydro-electro refining) operations. However, in this way, both functional and sustainable recovery of materials is not implemented correctly, which leads to lower recoveries and losses of the metal values. Additionally,
due to the high material diversity, different elements, with different metallurgical properties and in different concentrations are introduced, why process control is much more difficult. Therefore, the development of the highly efficient process for selective metals recovery is crucial for overall improvements. 
This paper presents experimental results for selective metals recovery from 
WEEE combining the different pyro-hydrometallurgical operations. Experimental results showed that due to the complex metallurgical reactions, pure pyrometallurgical treatment leads to the distribution of metals in melting products, deviating from the theoretical and expected. However, these results led to a more comprehensive understanding of the reaction systems and contributed to an optimized design of processing operations. This will allow recycling companies to become competitive in the regional market and beyond, which is particularly essential for small and medium enterprises with lower operating capacities.
Successful implementation of the developed state-of-art technological process, guarantee a more efficient approach to recycling processes, production of new materials which supports the concepts of sustainable development and circular economy.",
publisher = "Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia (AMES)",
journal = "MME SEE 2019 Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Congress of South-East Europe, Book of Abstracts, June 5 - 7, 2019 Belgrade, Serbia",
title = "Integrated recycling of the critical raw materials from waste electronics",
pages = "37-37",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5365"
}

Kamberović, Ž., Ranitović, M., Korać, M., Đokić, J., Gajić, N.,& Jovanović, N.. (2019). Integrated recycling of the critical raw materials from waste electronics. in MME SEE 2019 Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Congress of South-East Europe, Book of Abstracts, June 5 - 7, 2019 Belgrade, Serbia
Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia (AMES)., 37-37.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5365

Kamberović Ž, Ranitović M, Korać M, Đokić J, Gajić N, Jovanović N. Integrated recycling of the critical raw materials from waste electronics. in MME SEE 2019 Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Congress of South-East Europe, Book of Abstracts, June 5 - 7, 2019 Belgrade, Serbia. 2019;:37-37.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5365 .

Kamberović, Željko, Ranitović, Milisav, Korać, Marija, Đokić, Jovana, Gajić, Nataša, Jovanović, Nikola, "Integrated recycling of the critical raw materials from waste electronics" in MME SEE 2019 Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Congress of South-East Europe, Book of Abstracts, June 5 - 7, 2019 Belgrade, Serbia (2019):37-37,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5365 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mandić, Maja
AU  - Đokić, Jovana
AU  - Gajić, Nataša
AU  - Uljarević, Jelena

AU  - Kamberović, Željko
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3930
AB  - The rising criticality of technologically inevitably metals and the continuous growth of the waste electronics promote a scientific need for development of innovative recycling process, both efficient and selective. Experimental results showed primarily that by pyrometallurgical treatment it is difficult to achieve selectivity, and secondary that the distribution of metals in melting products is too complicated, deviating from the experiential and expected. Therefore, application of an integral pyro - hydrometallurgical treatment is suggested for improved raw materials efficiency. Successful implementation of the developed state-of-art technological process, guarantee more efficient approach to recycling processes, production of new materials which supports the concepts of sustainable development and cleaner production. Proposed technological solution is applicable in industry with relatively low investments compared to expected revenues, allowing companies to become competitive in the regional market and beyond, which is particularly important for small and medium enterprises with lower operating capacities. Techno-economic justification and integral pyro - hydrometallurgical process for waste electronics recycling is presented. This paper explains measures for the further development of the recycling industry as a part of circular economy strategy in Serbia.
PB  - Beograd : Institut za istraživanja i projektovanja u privredi
T2  - Journal of Applied Engineering Science
T1  - Production of technology metals from waste electronics
VL  - 17
IS  - 3
SP  - 400
EP  - 403
DO  - 10.5937/jaes17-22105
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Mandić, Maja and Đokić, Jovana and Gajić, Nataša and Uljarević, Jelena
 and Kamberović, Željko",
year = "2019",
abstract = "The rising criticality of technologically inevitably metals and the continuous growth of the waste electronics promote a scientific need for development of innovative recycling process, both efficient and selective. Experimental results showed primarily that by pyrometallurgical treatment it is difficult to achieve selectivity, and secondary that the distribution of metals in melting products is too complicated, deviating from the experiential and expected. Therefore, application of an integral pyro - hydrometallurgical treatment is suggested for improved raw materials efficiency. Successful implementation of the developed state-of-art technological process, guarantee more efficient approach to recycling processes, production of new materials which supports the concepts of sustainable development and cleaner production. Proposed technological solution is applicable in industry with relatively low investments compared to expected revenues, allowing companies to become competitive in the regional market and beyond, which is particularly important for small and medium enterprises with lower operating capacities. Techno-economic justification and integral pyro - hydrometallurgical process for waste electronics recycling is presented. This paper explains measures for the further development of the recycling industry as a part of circular economy strategy in Serbia.",
publisher = "Beograd : Institut za istraživanja i projektovanja u privredi",
journal = "Journal of Applied Engineering Science",
title = "Production of technology metals from waste electronics",
volume = "17",
number = "3",
pages = "400-403",
doi = "10.5937/jaes17-22105"
}

Mandić, M., Đokić, J., Gajić, N., Uljarević, J.,& Kamberović, Ž.. (2019). Production of technology metals from waste electronics. in Journal of Applied Engineering Science
Beograd : Institut za istraživanja i projektovanja u privredi., 17(3), 400-403.
https://doi.org/10.5937/jaes17-22105

Mandić M, Đokić J, Gajić N, Uljarević J, Kamberović Ž. Production of technology metals from waste electronics. in Journal of Applied Engineering Science. 2019;17(3):400-403.
doi:10.5937/jaes17-22105 .

Mandić, Maja, Đokić, Jovana, Gajić, Nataša, Uljarević, Jelena
, Kamberović, Željko, "Production of technology metals from waste electronics" in Journal of Applied Engineering Science, 17, no. 3 (2019):400-403,
https://doi.org/10.5937/jaes17-22105 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolić, Vesna
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
AU  - Ranitović, Milisav
AU  - Gavrilovski, Milorad
AU  - Anđić, Zoran
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3757
AB  - This research aimed to develop a novel catalyst based on WO3/ZrSiO4 system for halogenated hydrocarbons processing. The production method of this catalyst involved extrusion and as such was simplified compared to thermo-chemical synthesis routes. It had a reduced number of process stages and a lower environmental impact at the same time. In order to examine the phase composition of the catalyst after sintering at 800 °C, the XRD analysis was carried out. The catalyst was then tested in chlorodifluoromethane dehalogenation process on laboratory scale at temperatures of 300, 400 and 500 °C in the presence of water vapor. Catalyst achieves high dehalogenation efficiencies of 88.6, 95.9, and 99.5 % for each of the process temperatures, respectively. Obtained results are in the range with those achieved by using thermo-chemically prepared dehalogenation catalysts.
PB  - Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia
T2  - Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
T1  - Synthesis of novel WO3/ZrSiO4 catalysts for dehalogenation of halogenated hydrocarbons
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
SP  - 31
EP  - 37
DO  - 10.30544/411
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nikolić, Vesna and Kamberović, Željko and Ranitović, Milisav and Gavrilovski, Milorad and Anđić, Zoran",
year = "2019",
abstract = "This research aimed to develop a novel catalyst based on WO3/ZrSiO4 system for halogenated hydrocarbons processing. The production method of this catalyst involved extrusion and as such was simplified compared to thermo-chemical synthesis routes. It had a reduced number of process stages and a lower environmental impact at the same time. In order to examine the phase composition of the catalyst after sintering at 800 °C, the XRD analysis was carried out. The catalyst was then tested in chlorodifluoromethane dehalogenation process on laboratory scale at temperatures of 300, 400 and 500 °C in the presence of water vapor. Catalyst achieves high dehalogenation efficiencies of 88.6, 95.9, and 99.5 % for each of the process temperatures, respectively. Obtained results are in the range with those achieved by using thermo-chemically prepared dehalogenation catalysts.",
publisher = "Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia",
journal = "Metallurgical and Materials Engineering",
title = "Synthesis of novel WO3/ZrSiO4 catalysts for dehalogenation of halogenated hydrocarbons",
volume = "25",
number = "1",
pages = "31-37",
doi = "10.30544/411"
}

Nikolić, V., Kamberović, Ž., Ranitović, M., Gavrilovski, M.,& Anđić, Z.. (2019). Synthesis of novel WO3/ZrSiO4 catalysts for dehalogenation of halogenated hydrocarbons. in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia., 25(1), 31-37.
https://doi.org/10.30544/411

Nikolić V, Kamberović Ž, Ranitović M, Gavrilovski M, Anđić Z. Synthesis of novel WO3/ZrSiO4 catalysts for dehalogenation of halogenated hydrocarbons. in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering. 2019;25(1):31-37.
doi:10.30544/411 .

Nikolić, Vesna, Kamberović, Željko, Ranitović, Milisav, Gavrilovski, Milorad, Anđić, Zoran, "Synthesis of novel WO3/ZrSiO4 catalysts for dehalogenation of halogenated hydrocarbons" in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, 25, no. 1 (2019):31-37,
https://doi.org/10.30544/411 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gajić, Nataša
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
AU  - Anđić, Zoran
AU  - Korać, Marija
AU  - Trpčevska, Jarmila
AU  - Stamatović, Mirko
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5085
AB  - The aim of this research was to study the effect of graphite addition in the
process of synthesis of tribological materials based on tin sulphides. The tin sulphides
powders were synthesized from selected precursors by pyrometallurgical
method in rotary tilting tube furnace. The thermodynamic parameters of the synthesis
were determined using HSC Chemistry software modelling package. In
addition, the synthesis process was also characterized by the thermal analysis
method: simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry
(DCS-TGA). The characterization of the synthesized tin sulphides powders included
analysis of chemical composition by optical emission spectroscopy, phase
composition identification by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and examination of morphology,
as well as elemental composition by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The hexagonal SnS2 and orthorhombic
Sn2S3 phases were formed after the thermal treatment of starting powders in nitrogen
atmosphere. The obtained results indicate the positive effects of the graphite
addition which enables the synthesis of tin sulphide powders with appropriate
content of sulphide phases with minimal loss of sulphur.
PB  - Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society
T2  - Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
T1  - Improving the synthesis process of tribological materials based on tin sulphides by adding graphite as additive
VL  - 84
IS  - 4
SP  - 423
EP  - 433
DO  - 10.2298/JSC180628102G
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Gajić, Nataša and Kamberović, Željko and Anđić, Zoran and Korać, Marija and Trpčevska, Jarmila and Stamatović, Mirko",
year = "2019",
abstract = "The aim of this research was to study the effect of graphite addition in the
process of synthesis of tribological materials based on tin sulphides. The tin sulphides
powders were synthesized from selected precursors by pyrometallurgical
method in rotary tilting tube furnace. The thermodynamic parameters of the synthesis
were determined using HSC Chemistry software modelling package. In
addition, the synthesis process was also characterized by the thermal analysis
method: simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry
(DCS-TGA). The characterization of the synthesized tin sulphides powders included
analysis of chemical composition by optical emission spectroscopy, phase
composition identification by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and examination of morphology,
as well as elemental composition by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The hexagonal SnS2 and orthorhombic
Sn2S3 phases were formed after the thermal treatment of starting powders in nitrogen
atmosphere. The obtained results indicate the positive effects of the graphite
addition which enables the synthesis of tin sulphide powders with appropriate
content of sulphide phases with minimal loss of sulphur.",
publisher = "Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society",
journal = "Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society",
title = "Improving the synthesis process of tribological materials based on tin sulphides by adding graphite as additive",
volume = "84",
number = "4",
pages = "423-433",
doi = "10.2298/JSC180628102G"
}

Gajić, N., Kamberović, Ž., Anđić, Z., Korać, M., Trpčevska, J.,& Stamatović, M.. (2019). Improving the synthesis process of tribological materials based on tin sulphides by adding graphite as additive. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society., 84(4), 423-433.
https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC180628102G

Gajić N, Kamberović Ž, Anđić Z, Korać M, Trpčevska J, Stamatović M. Improving the synthesis process of tribological materials based on tin sulphides by adding graphite as additive. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society. 2019;84(4):423-433.
doi:10.2298/JSC180628102G .

Gajić, Nataša, Kamberović, Željko, Anđić, Zoran, Korać, Marija, Trpčevska, Jarmila, Stamatović, Mirko, "Improving the synthesis process of tribological materials based on tin sulphides by adding graphite as additive" in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 84, no. 4 (2019):423-433,
https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC180628102G . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Agarski, Boris
AU  - Nikolić, Vesna
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
AU  - Anđić, Zoran
AU  - Kosec, Borut
AU  - Budak, Igor
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5052
AB  - Within the life cycle assessment, exergy analysis is one of the specific approaches to evaluate impacts on the environment through the quality of energy which is degraded during the production process [1]. Exergy can be described as a measure of resources depletion and it can be used to evaluate the process efficiency. Comparative assessment of product and processes through life cycle assessment is often used to identify the differences and environmental hotspots. This research applies exergy life cycle assessment to compare different Ni-based catalysts synthesis processes. In previous research [2,3] the authors compared novel Ni-Pd/Al2O3 catalyst synthesis processes with other ones from environmental and performance point of view. Idea of this research is to calculate the impacts on the environment by the total exergy consumption of Ni-based catalyst processes and to compare these results with the results from previous research. Compared with other Ni-based catalyst synthesis processes, the assessment results confirm the previous findings that the novel Ni-Pd/Al2O3 catalyst synthesis process has the smallest environmental impact. Furthermore, exergy life cycle assessment provided insight into impacts on the non-renewable and renewable resources.
PB  - University of Szeged
C3  - Proceedings of the 24th International Symposium on Analytical and Environmental Problems Szeged, Hungary October 8-9, 2018
T1  - Exergy life cycle assesment of Ni-based catalyst synthesis processes
SP  - 5
EP  - 5
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5052
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Agarski, Boris and Nikolić, Vesna and Kamberović, Željko and Anđić, Zoran and Kosec, Borut and Budak, Igor",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Within the life cycle assessment, exergy analysis is one of the specific approaches to evaluate impacts on the environment through the quality of energy which is degraded during the production process [1]. Exergy can be described as a measure of resources depletion and it can be used to evaluate the process efficiency. Comparative assessment of product and processes through life cycle assessment is often used to identify the differences and environmental hotspots. This research applies exergy life cycle assessment to compare different Ni-based catalysts synthesis processes. In previous research [2,3] the authors compared novel Ni-Pd/Al2O3 catalyst synthesis processes with other ones from environmental and performance point of view. Idea of this research is to calculate the impacts on the environment by the total exergy consumption of Ni-based catalyst processes and to compare these results with the results from previous research. Compared with other Ni-based catalyst synthesis processes, the assessment results confirm the previous findings that the novel Ni-Pd/Al2O3 catalyst synthesis process has the smallest environmental impact. Furthermore, exergy life cycle assessment provided insight into impacts on the non-renewable and renewable resources.",
publisher = "University of Szeged",
journal = "Proceedings of the 24th International Symposium on Analytical and Environmental Problems Szeged, Hungary October 8-9, 2018",
title = "Exergy life cycle assesment of Ni-based catalyst synthesis processes",
pages = "5-5",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5052"
}

Agarski, B., Nikolić, V., Kamberović, Ž., Anđić, Z., Kosec, B.,& Budak, I.. (2018). Exergy life cycle assesment of Ni-based catalyst synthesis processes. in Proceedings of the 24th International Symposium on Analytical and Environmental Problems Szeged, Hungary October 8-9, 2018
University of Szeged., 5-5.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5052

Agarski B, Nikolić V, Kamberović Ž, Anđić Z, Kosec B, Budak I. Exergy life cycle assesment of Ni-based catalyst synthesis processes. in Proceedings of the 24th International Symposium on Analytical and Environmental Problems Szeged, Hungary October 8-9, 2018. 2018;:5-5.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5052 .

Agarski, Boris, Nikolić, Vesna, Kamberović, Željko, Anđić, Zoran, Kosec, Borut, Budak, Igor, "Exergy life cycle assesment of Ni-based catalyst synthesis processes" in Proceedings of the 24th International Symposium on Analytical and Environmental Problems Szeged, Hungary October 8-9, 2018 (2018):5-5,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5052 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Gajić, Nataša
AU  - Anđić, Zoran
AU  - Đokić, Jovana
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5363
AB  - Technology advances have resulted in a growing demand for the new tribology materials. In development of the properties of tribology materials, improvements can be achieved by combining materials in form of composites. The aim of this work was production of solid lubricants composites based on sulfides of technology metals. Selected solid lubricant powders, tin sulfide (SnxSy) and tungsten disulfide (WS2), were synthesized by pyrometallurgical method in rotary tilting tube furnace (ST-1200RGV). The chemical thermodynamic parameters of the synthesis were determined using HSC Chemistry software modeling package. Characterization of the obtained powders included analysis of chemical composition by optical emission spectroscopy, phase composition identification by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microstructural examination by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Finally, the tribological properties of the as-synthesized powders in composite mixture were estimated. It has been shown the beneficial synergistic effect due to unique combination of properties between tin sulfides and tungsten sulfide in composite. In addition, advantage of synergistic tribology material (SnxSy/WS2) is simple method of synthesis and environmentally acceptable components of the composite.
PB  - Belgrade : Institute of Technical Sciences of SASA
C3  - Sixteenth Young Researchers’ Conference Materials Science and Engineering, December 6-8, 2017, Belgrade, Serbia
T1  - Synergistic solid lubricants system based on selected sulfides of technology metals
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5363
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Gajić, Nataša and Anđić, Zoran and Đokić, Jovana and Kamberović, Željko",
year = "2017",
abstract = "Technology advances have resulted in a growing demand for the new tribology materials. In development of the properties of tribology materials, improvements can be achieved by combining materials in form of composites. The aim of this work was production of solid lubricants composites based on sulfides of technology metals. Selected solid lubricant powders, tin sulfide (SnxSy) and tungsten disulfide (WS2), were synthesized by pyrometallurgical method in rotary tilting tube furnace (ST-1200RGV). The chemical thermodynamic parameters of the synthesis were determined using HSC Chemistry software modeling package. Characterization of the obtained powders included analysis of chemical composition by optical emission spectroscopy, phase composition identification by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microstructural examination by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Finally, the tribological properties of the as-synthesized powders in composite mixture were estimated. It has been shown the beneficial synergistic effect due to unique combination of properties between tin sulfides and tungsten sulfide in composite. In addition, advantage of synergistic tribology material (SnxSy/WS2) is simple method of synthesis and environmentally acceptable components of the composite.",
publisher = "Belgrade : Institute of Technical Sciences of SASA",
journal = "Sixteenth Young Researchers’ Conference Materials Science and Engineering, December 6-8, 2017, Belgrade, Serbia",
title = "Synergistic solid lubricants system based on selected sulfides of technology metals",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5363"
}

Gajić, N., Anđić, Z., Đokić, J.,& Kamberović, Ž.. (2017). Synergistic solid lubricants system based on selected sulfides of technology metals. in Sixteenth Young Researchers’ Conference Materials Science and Engineering, December 6-8, 2017, Belgrade, Serbia
Belgrade : Institute of Technical Sciences of SASA..
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5363

Gajić N, Anđić Z, Đokić J, Kamberović Ž. Synergistic solid lubricants system based on selected sulfides of technology metals. in Sixteenth Young Researchers’ Conference Materials Science and Engineering, December 6-8, 2017, Belgrade, Serbia. 2017;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5363 .

Gajić, Nataša, Anđić, Zoran, Đokić, Jovana, Kamberović, Željko, "Synergistic solid lubricants system based on selected sulfides of technology metals" in Sixteenth Young Researchers’ Conference Materials Science and Engineering, December 6-8, 2017, Belgrade, Serbia (2017),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5363 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Đokić, Jovana
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
AU  - Korać, Marija
AU  - Ranitović, Milisav
AU  - Todorović, Nemanja
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5328
AB  - European Commission has created a list of Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) including In, Ga and Ge which are important electronic metals. Since their scarce natural abundance and growing demand, nowadays major source of In, Ga and Ge are specific by-products from primary base metals production. Considering the concentration of In, Ga and Ge in solution obtained after hydrometallurgical treatment of Waelz oxide, valorization of these metals could be done by liquid-liquid extraction.
The aim of this conceptual study is to propose experimental flow sheet for selective liquid-liquid extraction in order to valorize In, Ga and Ge from the leaching solution.
C3  - 49th Intermational October Conference on Mining and Metallurgy, Proceedings, Bor Lake, Serbia, October 18-21, 2017
T1  - Conceptual study for valorization of In, Ga and Ge
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5328
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Đokić, Jovana and Kamberović, Željko and Korać, Marija and Ranitović, Milisav and Todorović, Nemanja",
year = "2017",
abstract = "European Commission has created a list of Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) including In, Ga and Ge which are important electronic metals. Since their scarce natural abundance and growing demand, nowadays major source of In, Ga and Ge are specific by-products from primary base metals production. Considering the concentration of In, Ga and Ge in solution obtained after hydrometallurgical treatment of Waelz oxide, valorization of these metals could be done by liquid-liquid extraction.
The aim of this conceptual study is to propose experimental flow sheet for selective liquid-liquid extraction in order to valorize In, Ga and Ge from the leaching solution.",
journal = "49th Intermational October Conference on Mining and Metallurgy, Proceedings, Bor Lake, Serbia, October 18-21, 2017",
title = "Conceptual study for valorization of In, Ga and Ge",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5328"
}

Đokić, J., Kamberović, Ž., Korać, M., Ranitović, M.,& Todorović, N.. (2017). Conceptual study for valorization of In, Ga and Ge. in 49th Intermational October Conference on Mining and Metallurgy, Proceedings, Bor Lake, Serbia, October 18-21, 2017.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5328

Đokić J, Kamberović Ž, Korać M, Ranitović M, Todorović N. Conceptual study for valorization of In, Ga and Ge. in 49th Intermational October Conference on Mining and Metallurgy, Proceedings, Bor Lake, Serbia, October 18-21, 2017. 2017;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5328 .

Đokić, Jovana, Kamberović, Željko, Korać, Marija, Ranitović, Milisav, Todorović, Nemanja, "Conceptual study for valorization of In, Ga and Ge" in 49th Intermational October Conference on Mining and Metallurgy, Proceedings, Bor Lake, Serbia, October 18-21, 2017 (2017),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5328 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Uljarević, Jelena
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
AU  - Anđić, Zoran
AU  - Kokeza, Gordana
AU  - Radosavljević, Darko
AU  - Dvojaković, Mihailo
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5054
AB  - In the current study it has been concluded that production of magnesium is only feasible by principles of closing the production cycle through optimization and synergy between primary and secondary magnesium production in order to generate as least as possible waste, emission and pollution in the Pidgeon process. The time of return of investment in redesign of secondary magnesium metallurgy was concluded to be 3.11 years which is the shortest time for this kind
of projects. The parameters as the individual discount rate 11.50%, internal rate of return, period of return 19%, positive net present value and profitability index 1.98 are acceptable. The unit capital cost per unit of $ 5,267/t and unit OPEX of $ 1,395/t were indicative of the economic success of this project and the most appropriate parameters have been achieved. Also, using gas as a fuel instead of coal will reduce OPEX for 8.4%. With this model waste substances are converted
into highly profitable resources along with the promotion of sustainability and a cleaner production strategy, which is the ultimate goal for company and society.
PB  - Savez mašinskih i elektrotehničkih inženjera i tehničara Srbije (SMEITS)
T2  - Procesna tehnika
T1  - Redesign of secondary magnesium metallurgy in the complex Mg Serbien
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
SP  - 12
EP  - 17
DO  - 10.24094/ptc.017.29.2.12
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Uljarević, Jelena and Kamberović, Željko and Anđić, Zoran and Kokeza, Gordana and Radosavljević, Darko and Dvojaković, Mihailo",
year = "2017",
abstract = "In the current study it has been concluded that production of magnesium is only feasible by principles of closing the production cycle through optimization and synergy between primary and secondary magnesium production in order to generate as least as possible waste, emission and pollution in the Pidgeon process. The time of return of investment in redesign of secondary magnesium metallurgy was concluded to be 3.11 years which is the shortest time for this kind
of projects. The parameters as the individual discount rate 11.50%, internal rate of return, period of return 19%, positive net present value and profitability index 1.98 are acceptable. The unit capital cost per unit of $ 5,267/t and unit OPEX of $ 1,395/t were indicative of the economic success of this project and the most appropriate parameters have been achieved. Also, using gas as a fuel instead of coal will reduce OPEX for 8.4%. With this model waste substances are converted
into highly profitable resources along with the promotion of sustainability and a cleaner production strategy, which is the ultimate goal for company and society.",
publisher = "Savez mašinskih i elektrotehničkih inženjera i tehničara Srbije (SMEITS)",
journal = "Procesna tehnika",
title = "Redesign of secondary magnesium metallurgy in the complex Mg Serbien",
volume = "29",
number = "2",
pages = "12-17",
doi = "10.24094/ptc.017.29.2.12"
}

Uljarević, J., Kamberović, Ž., Anđić, Z., Kokeza, G., Radosavljević, D.,& Dvojaković, M.. (2017). Redesign of secondary magnesium metallurgy in the complex Mg Serbien. in Procesna tehnika
Savez mašinskih i elektrotehničkih inženjera i tehničara Srbije (SMEITS)., 29(2), 12-17.
https://doi.org/10.24094/ptc.017.29.2.12

Uljarević J, Kamberović Ž, Anđić Z, Kokeza G, Radosavljević D, Dvojaković M. Redesign of secondary magnesium metallurgy in the complex Mg Serbien. in Procesna tehnika. 2017;29(2):12-17.
doi:10.24094/ptc.017.29.2.12 .

Uljarević, Jelena, Kamberović, Željko, Anđić, Zoran, Kokeza, Gordana, Radosavljević, Darko, Dvojaković, Mihailo, "Redesign of secondary magnesium metallurgy in the complex Mg Serbien" in Procesna tehnika, 29, no. 2 (2017):12-17,
https://doi.org/10.24094/ptc.017.29.2.12 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Agarski, Boris
AU  - Nikolić, Vesna
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
AU  - Anđić, Zoran
AU  - Kosec, Borut
AU  - Budak, Igor
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5050
AB  - Ni-based catalysts supported on ceramics are particularly suitable for industrial applications, for instance reforming of hydrocarbons to produce synthesis gas or hydrogen and production of carbon nanofibers. Conventional synthesis processes for all metal/ceramic catalysts are impregnation, precipitation, coprecipitation and others. The authors have previously developed a novel process for the synthesis of Ni-based catalysts supported on reticulated ceramic foams, including impregnation of foams with ultrasonically generated aerosols of dissolved metal chlorides. By using appropriate multi-criteria analysis methods, the authors concluded that the novel process for the synthesis of Ni-based catalysts was superior in terms of economic and technological aspects. The aim of this research was to compare the novel synthesis processes for a Ni-Pd/Al2O3 catalyst and for other Ni-based catalysts by performing life cycle assessment and evaluating the environmental impacts of each synthesis process. Characterisation results
showed that the dominant environmental impact results from production of palladium (II) chloride for the Ni-Pd/Al2O3 catalyst synthesis process, while the other catalyst synthesis process had large environmental impacts associated with high energy consumption. The final outcome, obtained from comparison of normalisation results, indicates that the novel Ni-Pd/Al2O3 catalyst synthesis process had the smallest environmental impact.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Journal of Cleaner Production
T1  - Comparative life cycle assessment of Ni-based catalyst synthesis processes
VL  - 162
SP  - 7
EP  - 15
DO  - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.012
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Agarski, Boris and Nikolić, Vesna and Kamberović, Željko and Anđić, Zoran and Kosec, Borut and Budak, Igor",
year = "2017",
abstract = "Ni-based catalysts supported on ceramics are particularly suitable for industrial applications, for instance reforming of hydrocarbons to produce synthesis gas or hydrogen and production of carbon nanofibers. Conventional synthesis processes for all metal/ceramic catalysts are impregnation, precipitation, coprecipitation and others. The authors have previously developed a novel process for the synthesis of Ni-based catalysts supported on reticulated ceramic foams, including impregnation of foams with ultrasonically generated aerosols of dissolved metal chlorides. By using appropriate multi-criteria analysis methods, the authors concluded that the novel process for the synthesis of Ni-based catalysts was superior in terms of economic and technological aspects. The aim of this research was to compare the novel synthesis processes for a Ni-Pd/Al2O3 catalyst and for other Ni-based catalysts by performing life cycle assessment and evaluating the environmental impacts of each synthesis process. Characterisation results
showed that the dominant environmental impact results from production of palladium (II) chloride for the Ni-Pd/Al2O3 catalyst synthesis process, while the other catalyst synthesis process had large environmental impacts associated with high energy consumption. The final outcome, obtained from comparison of normalisation results, indicates that the novel Ni-Pd/Al2O3 catalyst synthesis process had the smallest environmental impact.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Journal of Cleaner Production",
title = "Comparative life cycle assessment of Ni-based catalyst synthesis processes",
volume = "162",
pages = "7-15",
doi = "10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.012"
}

Agarski, B., Nikolić, V., Kamberović, Ž., Anđić, Z., Kosec, B.,& Budak, I.. (2017). Comparative life cycle assessment of Ni-based catalyst synthesis processes. in Journal of Cleaner Production
Elsevier., 162, 7-15.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.012

Agarski B, Nikolić V, Kamberović Ž, Anđić Z, Kosec B, Budak I. Comparative life cycle assessment of Ni-based catalyst synthesis processes. in Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017;162:7-15.
doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.012 .

Agarski, Boris, Nikolić, Vesna, Kamberović, Željko, Anđić, Zoran, Kosec, Borut, Budak, Igor, "Comparative life cycle assessment of Ni-based catalyst synthesis processes" in Journal of Cleaner Production, 162 (2017):7-15,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.012 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sokić, Miroslav
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
AU  - Nikolić, Vesna
AU  - Marković, Branislav
AU  - Korać, Marija
AU  - Anđić, Zoran
AU  - Gavrilovski, Milorad
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5056
AB  - The objects of this investigation were the comparative kinetic analysis of the NiO and NiCl2 reduction by hydrogen during an induction period and elimination of the calcination during the synthesis of Ni/Al2O3 catalysts.The effect of temperature and time on NiO and NiCl2 reduction degrees was studied. Avrami I equation was selected as the most favorable kinetic model and
used to determine activation energy of the NiO and NiCl2 reduction for the investigated temperature range (623–923 K) and time intervals (1–5 minutes).Theinvestigation enabled reaching conclusions about the reaction ability and rate of the reduction processes.
Afterward,Ni/Al2O3 catalystswere obtained by using oxide and chloride precursor forNi.The catalystswere supported on aluminabased foamand prepared via aerosol route. Properties of the samples before and after low-temperature hydrogen reduction (633K) were compared.Obtained results indicated that the synthesis ofNi/Al2O3 catalysts can be more efficient if chloride precursor for Ni is directly reduced by hydrogen during the synthesis process, without the calcination step. In addition, Ni-Pd/Al2O3 catalysts with different metal content were prepared by using chloride precursors. Lower reduction temperature was utilized and the chlorides were almost completely reduced at 533 K.
T2  - The Scientific World Journal
T1  - Kinetics of NiO and NiCl2 Hydrogen Reduction as Precursors and Properties of Produced Ni/Al2O3 and Ni-Pd/Al2O3 Catalysts
VL  - 2015
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
DO  - 10.1155/2015/601970
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Sokić, Miroslav and Kamberović, Željko and Nikolić, Vesna and Marković, Branislav and Korać, Marija and Anđić, Zoran and Gavrilovski, Milorad",
year = "2015",
abstract = "The objects of this investigation were the comparative kinetic analysis of the NiO and NiCl2 reduction by hydrogen during an induction period and elimination of the calcination during the synthesis of Ni/Al2O3 catalysts.The effect of temperature and time on NiO and NiCl2 reduction degrees was studied. Avrami I equation was selected as the most favorable kinetic model and
used to determine activation energy of the NiO and NiCl2 reduction for the investigated temperature range (623–923 K) and time intervals (1–5 minutes).Theinvestigation enabled reaching conclusions about the reaction ability and rate of the reduction processes.
Afterward,Ni/Al2O3 catalystswere obtained by using oxide and chloride precursor forNi.The catalystswere supported on aluminabased foamand prepared via aerosol route. Properties of the samples before and after low-temperature hydrogen reduction (633K) were compared.Obtained results indicated that the synthesis ofNi/Al2O3 catalysts can be more efficient if chloride precursor for Ni is directly reduced by hydrogen during the synthesis process, without the calcination step. In addition, Ni-Pd/Al2O3 catalysts with different metal content were prepared by using chloride precursors. Lower reduction temperature was utilized and the chlorides were almost completely reduced at 533 K.",
journal = "The Scientific World Journal",
title = "Kinetics of NiO and NiCl2 Hydrogen Reduction as Precursors and Properties of Produced Ni/Al2O3 and Ni-Pd/Al2O3 Catalysts",
volume = "2015",
pages = "1-9",
doi = "10.1155/2015/601970"
}

Sokić, M., Kamberović, Ž., Nikolić, V., Marković, B., Korać, M., Anđić, Z.,& Gavrilovski, M.. (2015). Kinetics of NiO and NiCl2 Hydrogen Reduction as Precursors and Properties of Produced Ni/Al2O3 and Ni-Pd/Al2O3 Catalysts. in The Scientific World Journal, 2015, 1-9.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/601970

Sokić M, Kamberović Ž, Nikolić V, Marković B, Korać M, Anđić Z, Gavrilovski M. Kinetics of NiO and NiCl2 Hydrogen Reduction as Precursors and Properties of Produced Ni/Al2O3 and Ni-Pd/Al2O3 Catalysts. in The Scientific World Journal. 2015;2015:1-9.
doi:10.1155/2015/601970 .

Sokić, Miroslav, Kamberović, Željko, Nikolić, Vesna, Marković, Branislav, Korać, Marija, Anđić, Zoran, Gavrilovski, Milorad, "Kinetics of NiO and NiCl2 Hydrogen Reduction as Precursors and Properties of Produced Ni/Al2O3 and Ni-Pd/Al2O3 Catalysts" in The Scientific World Journal, 2015 (2015):1-9,
https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/601970 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
AU  - Korać, Marija
AU  - Anđić, Zoran
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5159
AB  - Technological evolution and growing demand for various high-tech devices have increased need for metals, both in terms of their diversity and quantities, resulting in more intense use of natural resources and generation of huge amounts of various waste materials. In contrast to base metals, advances in material science have given rise to a new group of metals, which are used in small or trace amounts to alter drastically the properties of matter. Whether in composite materials, like semiconductors or minor elements in alloys, these trace metals shape modern-day technology and, hence, are termed as Technology Metals (TM). Metals such as Sb, Co, Ga, Ge, In, Ta, the Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) and the Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are among the TM in which Europe is 100% import dependent. Development of the novel processing technologies will aim not only in securing raw material supply, but will rather aim to establish sustainable metallurgical processing, meaning establishing technologies for de-complexing the advanced material products with the minimum environmental footprint. Hydro and electro metallurgical steps make essential base with synergy to primary production route, advanced mechanical and minor pyro pretreatment step. However, absence of such extraction technologies, successfully applied on industrial scale, is still notable. To secure a reliable and sustainable supply of critical materials, innovative solutions need to be developed along the entire value chain. This transition requires multi-stakeholder partnerships that foster innovation and entrepreneurship, which can be obtained by applying the Triple Helix concept. Presented compilation of scientific, theoretical and experimental results, promotes an innovative synergy of various metals and industrial activities in metallurgy, resulting in profitable transformation of by-products and waste materials into resources. Focusing on treatment of specific by-products from zinc and copper primary production, as well on specific waste streams like WEEE and waste automotive catalysts, group is actively contribute to the EU sustainability policies.
PB  - Serbian Society of Corrosion and Materials Protection
C3  - XVII YuCorr International Conference, September 8-11, 2014, Tara Mountain, Serbia
T1  - Innovative solutions for the extraction of technology metals from complex primary a nd secondary raw materials
SP  - 11
EP  - 22
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5159
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Kamberović, Željko and Korać, Marija and Anđić, Zoran",
year = "2015",
abstract = "Technological evolution and growing demand for various high-tech devices have increased need for metals, both in terms of their diversity and quantities, resulting in more intense use of natural resources and generation of huge amounts of various waste materials. In contrast to base metals, advances in material science have given rise to a new group of metals, which are used in small or trace amounts to alter drastically the properties of matter. Whether in composite materials, like semiconductors or minor elements in alloys, these trace metals shape modern-day technology and, hence, are termed as Technology Metals (TM). Metals such as Sb, Co, Ga, Ge, In, Ta, the Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) and the Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are among the TM in which Europe is 100% import dependent. Development of the novel processing technologies will aim not only in securing raw material supply, but will rather aim to establish sustainable metallurgical processing, meaning establishing technologies for de-complexing the advanced material products with the minimum environmental footprint. Hydro and electro metallurgical steps make essential base with synergy to primary production route, advanced mechanical and minor pyro pretreatment step. However, absence of such extraction technologies, successfully applied on industrial scale, is still notable. To secure a reliable and sustainable supply of critical materials, innovative solutions need to be developed along the entire value chain. This transition requires multi-stakeholder partnerships that foster innovation and entrepreneurship, which can be obtained by applying the Triple Helix concept. Presented compilation of scientific, theoretical and experimental results, promotes an innovative synergy of various metals and industrial activities in metallurgy, resulting in profitable transformation of by-products and waste materials into resources. Focusing on treatment of specific by-products from zinc and copper primary production, as well on specific waste streams like WEEE and waste automotive catalysts, group is actively contribute to the EU sustainability policies.",
publisher = "Serbian Society of Corrosion and Materials Protection",
journal = "XVII YuCorr International Conference, September 8-11, 2014, Tara Mountain, Serbia",
title = "Innovative solutions for the extraction of technology metals from complex primary a nd secondary raw materials",
pages = "11-22",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5159"
}

Kamberović, Ž., Korać, M.,& Anđić, Z.. (2015). Innovative solutions for the extraction of technology metals from complex primary a nd secondary raw materials. in XVII YuCorr International Conference, September 8-11, 2014, Tara Mountain, Serbia
Serbian Society of Corrosion and Materials Protection., 11-22.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5159

Kamberović Ž, Korać M, Anđić Z. Innovative solutions for the extraction of technology metals from complex primary a nd secondary raw materials. in XVII YuCorr International Conference, September 8-11, 2014, Tara Mountain, Serbia. 2015;:11-22.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5159 .

Kamberović, Željko, Korać, Marija, Anđić, Zoran, "Innovative solutions for the extraction of technology metals from complex primary a nd secondary raw materials" in XVII YuCorr International Conference, September 8-11, 2014, Tara Mountain, Serbia (2015):11-22,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5159 .

TY  - BOOK
AU  - Korać, Marija
AU  - Anđić, Zoran
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5310
AB  - U okviru monografije, polazeći od teorijskog prikaza sinteze, strukture, svojstava i primene nanostrukturnih materijala, dati su originalni eksperimentalni rezultati uporedne analize različitim
postupcima sintetisanih disperzno ojačanih nanostrukturnih kompozitnih Cu-Al2O3 materijala sledećih sistema:
- nanokompozitnog Cu-Al2O3 sistema dobijenog mehaničkim legiranjem komercijalnog praha bakra dobijenog elektrolitičkim postupkom i glinice sintetisane sol-gel metodom,
- nanokompozitnog Cu-Al2O3 sistema na bazi praha dobijenog termohemijskim postupkom, taloženjem iz tečne faze,
- nanokompozitnog Cu-Al2O3 sistema dobijenog kombinacijom hemijskog postupka sinteze i mehaničkog legiranja.
PB  - Savez inženjera metalurgije Srbije
T1  - Disperzno ojačani materijali na bazi nanostrukturnih prahova u sistemu bakar-glinica
SP  - 1
EP  - 228
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5310
ER  - 

@book{
author = "Korać, Marija and Anđić, Zoran and Kamberović, Željko",
year = "2015",
abstract = "U okviru monografije, polazeći od teorijskog prikaza sinteze, strukture, svojstava i primene nanostrukturnih materijala, dati su originalni eksperimentalni rezultati uporedne analize različitim
postupcima sintetisanih disperzno ojačanih nanostrukturnih kompozitnih Cu-Al2O3 materijala sledećih sistema:
- nanokompozitnog Cu-Al2O3 sistema dobijenog mehaničkim legiranjem komercijalnog praha bakra dobijenog elektrolitičkim postupkom i glinice sintetisane sol-gel metodom,
- nanokompozitnog Cu-Al2O3 sistema na bazi praha dobijenog termohemijskim postupkom, taloženjem iz tečne faze,
- nanokompozitnog Cu-Al2O3 sistema dobijenog kombinacijom hemijskog postupka sinteze i mehaničkog legiranja.",
publisher = "Savez inženjera metalurgije Srbije",
title = "Disperzno ojačani materijali na bazi nanostrukturnih prahova u sistemu bakar-glinica",
pages = "1-228",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5310"
}

Korać, M., Anđić, Z.,& Kamberović, Ž.. (2015). Disperzno ojačani materijali na bazi nanostrukturnih prahova u sistemu bakar-glinica. 
Savez inženjera metalurgije Srbije., 1-228.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5310

Korać M, Anđić Z, Kamberović Ž. Disperzno ojačani materijali na bazi nanostrukturnih prahova u sistemu bakar-glinica. 2015;:1-228.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5310 .

Korać, Marija, Anđić, Zoran, Kamberović, Željko, "Disperzno ojačani materijali na bazi nanostrukturnih prahova u sistemu bakar-glinica" (2015):1-228,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5310 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
AU  - Anđić, Zoran
AU  - Korać, Marija
AU  - Gavrilovski, Milorad
AU  - Mihailović, Aleksandar
AU  - Jovanović, Nikola
AU  - Gajić, Nataša
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5312
AB  - This paper presents the synthesis of multipurpose metal sulfide tribological materials, as a replacement for conventional tribological materials containing migratory heavy metals, harmful for working and living environment. Tin sulfide powder in crystalline form, with appropriate content of sulfide phases, was synthesized by pyrometallurgical method. By application of an appropriate temperature-time regime for the synthesis, is provided minimal loss of sulfur and reduction its negative impact on the environment. Characterization of synthesized powder included the determination of sulfur loss, chemical analysis, XRD analysis and microstructural examination by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS).
PB  - Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor
C3  - Proceedings of 47th International October Conference on Mining and Metallurgy, October 6, 2015
T1  - Synthesis of environmentally friendly multipurpose metal sulfide tribological materials
SP  - 331
EP  - 334
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5312
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Kamberović, Željko and Anđić, Zoran and Korać, Marija and Gavrilovski, Milorad and Mihailović, Aleksandar and Jovanović, Nikola and Gajić, Nataša",
year = "2015",
abstract = "This paper presents the synthesis of multipurpose metal sulfide tribological materials, as a replacement for conventional tribological materials containing migratory heavy metals, harmful for working and living environment. Tin sulfide powder in crystalline form, with appropriate content of sulfide phases, was synthesized by pyrometallurgical method. By application of an appropriate temperature-time regime for the synthesis, is provided minimal loss of sulfur and reduction its negative impact on the environment. Characterization of synthesized powder included the determination of sulfur loss, chemical analysis, XRD analysis and microstructural examination by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS).",
publisher = "Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor",
journal = "Proceedings of 47th International October Conference on Mining and Metallurgy, October 6, 2015",
title = "Synthesis of environmentally friendly multipurpose metal sulfide tribological materials",
pages = "331-334",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5312"
}

Kamberović, Ž., Anđić, Z., Korać, M., Gavrilovski, M., Mihailović, A., Jovanović, N.,& Gajić, N.. (2015). Synthesis of environmentally friendly multipurpose metal sulfide tribological materials. in Proceedings of 47th International October Conference on Mining and Metallurgy, October 6, 2015
Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor., 331-334.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5312

Kamberović Ž, Anđić Z, Korać M, Gavrilovski M, Mihailović A, Jovanović N, Gajić N. Synthesis of environmentally friendly multipurpose metal sulfide tribological materials. in Proceedings of 47th International October Conference on Mining and Metallurgy, October 6, 2015. 2015;:331-334.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5312 .

Kamberović, Željko, Anđić, Zoran, Korać, Marija, Gavrilovski, Milorad, Mihailović, Aleksandar, Jovanović, Nikola, Gajić, Nataša, "Synthesis of environmentally friendly multipurpose metal sulfide tribological materials" in Proceedings of 47th International October Conference on Mining and Metallurgy, October 6, 2015 (2015):331-334,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5312 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Kovačević, Tihomir
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
AU  - Anđić, Zoran
AU  - Korać, Marija
AU  - Vasić, Aleksandar
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5313
AB  - Simulation of the Waelz process, using Software Package for the Waelz process (SPW) was studied. SPW is a mathematical model used for calculation the technological parameters of processing zinc bearing materials in the Waelz process. The used materials was zinc oxide – PbAg residue (Concentrate A) and zinc neutral leach residue (Concentrate B). Experiments have been performed in order to verify the results obtained by simulation. Results of experiments were in correlation with the results from simulation. Distribution of zinc from input charge to clinker in simulation and experiment was 5.94% and 9.46% respectively.
PB  - Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor
C3  - Proceedings of 47th International October Conference on Mining and Metallurgy, October 6, 2015
T1  - Simulation and experimental verification the treatment of dispersed zinc and iron bearing materials using software package for the Waelz process (SPW)
SP  - 343
EP  - 346
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5313
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Kovačević, Tihomir and Kamberović, Željko and Anđić, Zoran and Korać, Marija and Vasić, Aleksandar",
year = "2015",
abstract = "Simulation of the Waelz process, using Software Package for the Waelz process (SPW) was studied. SPW is a mathematical model used for calculation the technological parameters of processing zinc bearing materials in the Waelz process. The used materials was zinc oxide – PbAg residue (Concentrate A) and zinc neutral leach residue (Concentrate B). Experiments have been performed in order to verify the results obtained by simulation. Results of experiments were in correlation with the results from simulation. Distribution of zinc from input charge to clinker in simulation and experiment was 5.94% and 9.46% respectively.",
publisher = "Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor",
journal = "Proceedings of 47th International October Conference on Mining and Metallurgy, October 6, 2015",
title = "Simulation and experimental verification the treatment of dispersed zinc and iron bearing materials using software package for the Waelz process (SPW)",
pages = "343-346",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5313"
}

Kovačević, T., Kamberović, Ž., Anđić, Z., Korać, M.,& Vasić, A.. (2015). Simulation and experimental verification the treatment of dispersed zinc and iron bearing materials using software package for the Waelz process (SPW). in Proceedings of 47th International October Conference on Mining and Metallurgy, October 6, 2015
Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor., 343-346.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5313

Kovačević T, Kamberović Ž, Anđić Z, Korać M, Vasić A. Simulation and experimental verification the treatment of dispersed zinc and iron bearing materials using software package for the Waelz process (SPW). in Proceedings of 47th International October Conference on Mining and Metallurgy, October 6, 2015. 2015;:343-346.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5313 .

Kovačević, Tihomir, Kamberović, Željko, Anđić, Zoran, Korać, Marija, Vasić, Aleksandar, "Simulation and experimental verification the treatment of dispersed zinc and iron bearing materials using software package for the Waelz process (SPW)" in Proceedings of 47th International October Conference on Mining and Metallurgy, October 6, 2015 (2015):343-346,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5313 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Štulović, Marija
AU  - Mihailović, Aleksandar
AU  - Anđić, Zoran
AU  - Korać, Marija
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5087
AB  - Modification and optimization of the pyrometallurgical process of lead
recovering from the waste lead-acid batteries have been studied in this paper. The aim
of this research is to develop a cleaner production in the field of the secondary lead
metallurgy. Lead smelting process with the addition of flux (sodium(I)-carbonate) and
reducing agents (coke, iron) has been followed. The modified smelting process with the
addition of hazardous waste (activated carbon) as alternative reducing agents has shown
positive results on the quality of the secondary lead, the generated slag and the process
gases. Filtration efficiency of the gases, the return of baghouse dust to the process and
use of oxygen burners have positive effect on the environment protection and energy
efficiency. Optimization of the recycling process has been based on the properties of the
slag. Stabilization of slag is proposed in the furnace with addition of waste dust from
the recycling of cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors. Phosphorus compounds from dust
reduce leachability of toxic elements from the generated slag. Reduction the slag amount and its hazardous character through the elimination of migratory heavy metals
and valorization of useful components have been proposed in the patented innovative
device - cylindrical rotating washer/separator.
PB  - Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia AMES
T2  - Metallurgical & Materials Engineering
T1  - Positive synergistic effect of the hazardous waste use for secondary lead metallurgy, energy efficiency and waste minimization
VL  - 20
IS  - 3
SP  - 171
EP  - 181
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5087
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Štulović, Marija and Mihailović, Aleksandar and Anđić, Zoran and Korać, Marija and Kamberović, Željko",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Modification and optimization of the pyrometallurgical process of lead
recovering from the waste lead-acid batteries have been studied in this paper. The aim
of this research is to develop a cleaner production in the field of the secondary lead
metallurgy. Lead smelting process with the addition of flux (sodium(I)-carbonate) and
reducing agents (coke, iron) has been followed. The modified smelting process with the
addition of hazardous waste (activated carbon) as alternative reducing agents has shown
positive results on the quality of the secondary lead, the generated slag and the process
gases. Filtration efficiency of the gases, the return of baghouse dust to the process and
use of oxygen burners have positive effect on the environment protection and energy
efficiency. Optimization of the recycling process has been based on the properties of the
slag. Stabilization of slag is proposed in the furnace with addition of waste dust from
the recycling of cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors. Phosphorus compounds from dust
reduce leachability of toxic elements from the generated slag. Reduction the slag amount and its hazardous character through the elimination of migratory heavy metals
and valorization of useful components have been proposed in the patented innovative
device - cylindrical rotating washer/separator.",
publisher = "Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia AMES",
journal = "Metallurgical & Materials Engineering",
title = "Positive synergistic effect of the hazardous waste use for secondary lead metallurgy, energy efficiency and waste minimization",
volume = "20",
number = "3",
pages = "171-181",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5087"
}

Štulović, M., Mihailović, A., Anđić, Z., Korać, M.,& Kamberović, Ž.. (2014). Positive synergistic effect of the hazardous waste use for secondary lead metallurgy, energy efficiency and waste minimization. in Metallurgical & Materials Engineering
Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia AMES., 20(3), 171-181.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5087

Štulović M, Mihailović A, Anđić Z, Korać M, Kamberović Ž. Positive synergistic effect of the hazardous waste use for secondary lead metallurgy, energy efficiency and waste minimization. in Metallurgical & Materials Engineering. 2014;20(3):171-181.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5087 .

Štulović, Marija, Mihailović, Aleksandar, Anđić, Zoran, Korać, Marija, Kamberović, Željko, "Positive synergistic effect of the hazardous waste use for secondary lead metallurgy, energy efficiency and waste minimization" in Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, 20, no. 3 (2014):171-181,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_5087 .