@article{
author = "Akšić Fotirić, Milica and Kalaba, Milica and Ćirić, Ivanka and Tešić, Živoslav Lj. and Pezo, Lato and Tosti, Tomislav and Gašić, Uroš M. and Dojčinović, Biljana P. and Lončar, Biljana and Meland, Mekjell",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Usingmodern analytical techniques, a comprehensive study of the chemical composition
of fruits from apple cultivars grown in Western Norway during 2019 and 2020 was
done. Metals, sugars, organic acids, antioxidant tests, and polyphenol content have
been observed. In all investigated samples, the most dominant sugars were glucose,
fructose, and sucrose. Among 11 tested organic acids, the dominant was malic
acid, followed by citric and maleic acid. The most common metal was potassium,
followed by magnesium and zinc. The quantification of polyphenols showed that among
the 11 quantified polyphenols, chlorogenic acid, quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin
3-O-glucoside, quercetin, and phlorizin were the most abundant. A detailed study
of the polyphenolic profile of nine investigated apple samples provided 30 identified
polyphenolic compounds from the class of hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids,
flavonoids, and dihydrochalcones. In addition to the identified 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid,
its two isomers of 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid and three esters were also found. Present
polyphenols of the tested apples provided significant data on the quality of Norwegian
apples, and they contribute to the distinguishing of these apple samples.",
publisher = "Frontiers",
journal = "Frontiers in Nutrition",
title = "Polyphenolics and Chemical Profiles of Domestic Norwegian Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) Cultivars",
volume = "9",
pages = "941487",
doi = "10.3389/fnut.2022.941487"
}