TY  - CONF
AU  - Kojić, I.
AU  - Šolević Knudsen, T.
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4918
AB  - Figure 1. Representative GC-MS chromatograms showing distribution of all PAHs analyzed in this study. The aim of this study was to investigate the origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in street dust samples from a small industrial city Pančevo in Serbia. The samples were collected in different parts of the city and sieved to separate the <250 µm fraction. Aromatic hydrocarbons were isolated by extraction and column chromatography. In these extracts, PAH were analysed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using total ion current (TIC) and single ion monitoring (SIM) methods. Monitored ions were: m/z = 128 (naphthalene; N), m/z = 152 (acenaphthylene), m/z = 154 (acenaphthene), m/z = 166 (fluorene; F), m/z = 178 (phenanthrene and anthracene; P and A), m/z = 202 (fluoranthene and pyrene; Flu and Py), m/z = 228 (benzo[a]anthracene and chrysene; B[a]A and C), m/z = 252 (benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[j] fluoranthene, benzo[e]pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene; B[b]F, B[k] F, B[j]F, B[e]Py and B[a]Py), and m/z = 276 (indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene and benzo[g,h,i]perylene; In- [1,2,3-cd]Py and B[ghi]Per). All these compounds were quantified (using the reference standard Z-014G PAH mix) and characteristic molecular ratios were calculated. The concentrations of non-methylated (parent) PAH in the street dust samples were found to be in the range from 175 to 2746 ppb. Content of PAHs in street dust samples is not regulated by the Serbian National legislation. However, some of these values are higher than the limit values for soils as set by Serbian National legislation [1]. All samples contain smaller amounts of lower, 2-3 ring, PAH (13 - 347 ppb), in comparison to the higher, 4-5 ring, PAH (175 - 2399 ppb) indicating pyrogenic origin of these compounds in the samples investigated [2]. Low abundance of methylated PAHs, as seen in ratio ΣMP/P (lower than 1 in all samples) indicates pyrogenic origin of these compounds. Similar conclusion can be drawn from Flu/(Flu+Py) ratio which, depending on the sample, indicates source from petroleum or biomass and coal combustion. Furthermore, PAH origin from traffic emissions, for samples collected closer to busy roads, and from biomass and coal combustion, for samples collected within residential areas, is shown by values of B[a]A/(B[a]A+C), B[a]Py/(B[a]Py+B[ghi]Per) and In[1,2,3-cd]Py/(In[1,2,3-cd]Py+B[ghi]Per ratios [3]. It can be concluded that the dominant source of PAHs in the selected street dust samples is combustion of petrol, diesel, biomass and coal which agrees with the results for similar samples in other cities in the world [2, 3].
PB  - Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society
C3  - Book of Abstracts 21st; European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry
T1  - Preliminary Investigation of Origin of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Select Street Dust Samples, Pančevo, Serbia
SP  - 126
EP  - 126
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_4918
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Kojić, I. and Šolević Knudsen, T.",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Figure 1. Representative GC-MS chromatograms showing distribution of all PAHs analyzed in this study. The aim of this study was to investigate the origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in street dust samples from a small industrial city Pančevo in Serbia. The samples were collected in different parts of the city and sieved to separate the <250 µm fraction. Aromatic hydrocarbons were isolated by extraction and column chromatography. In these extracts, PAH were analysed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using total ion current (TIC) and single ion monitoring (SIM) methods. Monitored ions were: m/z = 128 (naphthalene; N), m/z = 152 (acenaphthylene), m/z = 154 (acenaphthene), m/z = 166 (fluorene; F), m/z = 178 (phenanthrene and anthracene; P and A), m/z = 202 (fluoranthene and pyrene; Flu and Py), m/z = 228 (benzo[a]anthracene and chrysene; B[a]A and C), m/z = 252 (benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[j] fluoranthene, benzo[e]pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene; B[b]F, B[k] F, B[j]F, B[e]Py and B[a]Py), and m/z = 276 (indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene and benzo[g,h,i]perylene; In- [1,2,3-cd]Py and B[ghi]Per). All these compounds were quantified (using the reference standard Z-014G PAH mix) and characteristic molecular ratios were calculated. The concentrations of non-methylated (parent) PAH in the street dust samples were found to be in the range from 175 to 2746 ppb. Content of PAHs in street dust samples is not regulated by the Serbian National legislation. However, some of these values are higher than the limit values for soils as set by Serbian National legislation [1]. All samples contain smaller amounts of lower, 2-3 ring, PAH (13 - 347 ppb), in comparison to the higher, 4-5 ring, PAH (175 - 2399 ppb) indicating pyrogenic origin of these compounds in the samples investigated [2]. Low abundance of methylated PAHs, as seen in ratio ΣMP/P (lower than 1 in all samples) indicates pyrogenic origin of these compounds. Similar conclusion can be drawn from Flu/(Flu+Py) ratio which, depending on the sample, indicates source from petroleum or biomass and coal combustion. Furthermore, PAH origin from traffic emissions, for samples collected closer to busy roads, and from biomass and coal combustion, for samples collected within residential areas, is shown by values of B[a]A/(B[a]A+C), B[a]Py/(B[a]Py+B[ghi]Per) and In[1,2,3-cd]Py/(In[1,2,3-cd]Py+B[ghi]Per ratios [3]. It can be concluded that the dominant source of PAHs in the selected street dust samples is combustion of petrol, diesel, biomass and coal which agrees with the results for similar samples in other cities in the world [2, 3].",
publisher = "Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society",
journal = "Book of Abstracts 21st; European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry",
title = "Preliminary Investigation of Origin of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Select Street Dust Samples, Pančevo, Serbia",
pages = "126-126",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_4918"
}

Kojić, I.,& Šolević Knudsen, T.. (2021). Preliminary Investigation of Origin of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Select Street Dust Samples, Pančevo, Serbia. in Book of Abstracts 21st; European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry
Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society., 126-126.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_4918

Kojić I, Šolević Knudsen T. Preliminary Investigation of Origin of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Select Street Dust Samples, Pančevo, Serbia. in Book of Abstracts 21st; European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry. 2021;:126-126.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_4918 .

Kojić, I., Šolević Knudsen, T., "Preliminary Investigation of Origin of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Select Street Dust Samples, Pančevo, Serbia" in Book of Abstracts 21st; European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry (2021):126-126,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_4918 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Kojić, I.
AU  - Šolević Knudsen, T.
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4917
AB  - The aim of this study was analysis of the origin of the aliphatic compounds in selected street dust samples. The samples were collected in the city of Pančevo, Serbia, within residential areas in close vicinity to heavy traffic roads. In order to determine if there was a significant difference in composition of aliphatic fraction depending on particle size, the samples were sieved and separated in three fractions, 500–250 µm, 250–63 µm and <63 µm. The samples were extracted, and the extracts were separated to aliphatic, aromatic and polar fractions by column chromatography. The aliphatic fractions were further analysed by GC/MS. n-alkanes were identified using mass ion m/z 71, hopanes m/z 191 and steranes m/z 217 [1]. Concentrations of total hydrocarbons in the street dust samples were in the range from 34.5 to 280.0 µg/g. It is generally accepted that total hydrocarbons content higher than 50 µg per 1g of sediment can be considered as a potential anthropogenic pollution [2]. According to these results, presence of organic pollutants in almost all samples can be presumed. Concentrations lower than 50 µg/g were observed in coarser fractions (500-250 µm). Higher concentrations of total hydrocarbons were observed in the finest fraction (< 63 µm). With only few exceptions, concentration of total hydrocarbons increases with decrease of grain size of samples indicating greater affinity of these compounds for the smallest particles. In all samples analysed, the most abundant compounds were n-alkanes, followed by n-alk-1-enes, regular isoprenoids and hopanes. No significant compositional changes were observed in different size fractions of the samples. n-Alkane distribution in all samples is bimodal, with n-alkane maximum at C20 in the range C13-C23, and with maximum at odd number n-alkanes in the range C24– C34. Carbon Preference Index (CPI) [2] for the whole range of n-alkanes (CPI C13-C33) is in the range of 1.07 – 2.40, CPI C13-C20 is close to 1, and CPI C25-C34 is in the range from 1.0 to 3.9. These results and distribution of n-alkanes in the chromatograms (Figure 1) indicate that the investigated n-alkanes in the C13-C23 range originate from a mature organic matter source while those in the C24–C34 range originate from the native terrestrial organic matter. Definite proof that the aliphatic fractions of the street dust samples contain petroleum pollutant can be seen by distributions of hopanes, steranes and diasteranes, which have typical distributions found in crude oils. It can be concluded that the aliphatic compounds in the street dust samples investigated in this study are mixtures of a natural terrestrial source (indicated by presence of even alk-1-enes and odd higher n-alkanes) and a petroleum pollutant (indicated by CPI values and presence of typical crude oil biomarkers)
PB  - Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society
C3  - Book of Abstracts 21st; European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry
T1  - Preliminary Investigation of Origin of Aliphatic Compounds in Street Dust Samples, Pančevo, Serbia
SP  - 125
EP  - 125
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_4917
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Kojić, I. and Šolević Knudsen, T.",
year = "2021",
abstract = "The aim of this study was analysis of the origin of the aliphatic compounds in selected street dust samples. The samples were collected in the city of Pančevo, Serbia, within residential areas in close vicinity to heavy traffic roads. In order to determine if there was a significant difference in composition of aliphatic fraction depending on particle size, the samples were sieved and separated in three fractions, 500–250 µm, 250–63 µm and <63 µm. The samples were extracted, and the extracts were separated to aliphatic, aromatic and polar fractions by column chromatography. The aliphatic fractions were further analysed by GC/MS. n-alkanes were identified using mass ion m/z 71, hopanes m/z 191 and steranes m/z 217 [1]. Concentrations of total hydrocarbons in the street dust samples were in the range from 34.5 to 280.0 µg/g. It is generally accepted that total hydrocarbons content higher than 50 µg per 1g of sediment can be considered as a potential anthropogenic pollution [2]. According to these results, presence of organic pollutants in almost all samples can be presumed. Concentrations lower than 50 µg/g were observed in coarser fractions (500-250 µm). Higher concentrations of total hydrocarbons were observed in the finest fraction (< 63 µm). With only few exceptions, concentration of total hydrocarbons increases with decrease of grain size of samples indicating greater affinity of these compounds for the smallest particles. In all samples analysed, the most abundant compounds were n-alkanes, followed by n-alk-1-enes, regular isoprenoids and hopanes. No significant compositional changes were observed in different size fractions of the samples. n-Alkane distribution in all samples is bimodal, with n-alkane maximum at C20 in the range C13-C23, and with maximum at odd number n-alkanes in the range C24– C34. Carbon Preference Index (CPI) [2] for the whole range of n-alkanes (CPI C13-C33) is in the range of 1.07 – 2.40, CPI C13-C20 is close to 1, and CPI C25-C34 is in the range from 1.0 to 3.9. These results and distribution of n-alkanes in the chromatograms (Figure 1) indicate that the investigated n-alkanes in the C13-C23 range originate from a mature organic matter source while those in the C24–C34 range originate from the native terrestrial organic matter. Definite proof that the aliphatic fractions of the street dust samples contain petroleum pollutant can be seen by distributions of hopanes, steranes and diasteranes, which have typical distributions found in crude oils. It can be concluded that the aliphatic compounds in the street dust samples investigated in this study are mixtures of a natural terrestrial source (indicated by presence of even alk-1-enes and odd higher n-alkanes) and a petroleum pollutant (indicated by CPI values and presence of typical crude oil biomarkers)",
publisher = "Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society",
journal = "Book of Abstracts 21st; European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry",
title = "Preliminary Investigation of Origin of Aliphatic Compounds in Street Dust Samples, Pančevo, Serbia",
pages = "125-125",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_4917"
}

Kojić, I.,& Šolević Knudsen, T.. (2021). Preliminary Investigation of Origin of Aliphatic Compounds in Street Dust Samples, Pančevo, Serbia. in Book of Abstracts 21st; European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry
Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society., 125-125.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_4917

Kojić I, Šolević Knudsen T. Preliminary Investigation of Origin of Aliphatic Compounds in Street Dust Samples, Pančevo, Serbia. in Book of Abstracts 21st; European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry. 2021;:125-125.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_4917 .

Kojić, I., Šolević Knudsen, T., "Preliminary Investigation of Origin of Aliphatic Compounds in Street Dust Samples, Pančevo, Serbia" in Book of Abstracts 21st; European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry (2021):125-125,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cherry_4917 .