Proučavanje uticaja biostimulacionih faktora na mikrobiološku razgradnju glavnih komponenata u zagađivaču naftnog tipa

Abstract

Cilj ove teze bio je ispitivanje uticaja biostimulacionih faktora na degradacijuglavnih komponenti naftnog zagadjivača. Kao najznačajnije komponente, sa stanovištahemije životne sredine, odabrani su aromatični ugljvodonici u naftnom zagadjivaču.Zemljište zagađeno mazutom je iskopano zagađeno zemljište iz kruga jednetermoelektrane. Usled kvara objekata termoelektrane zemljište je bilo zagađenomazutom i sedimentom iz rezervoara za mazut tokom godinu dana.Zemljište zagađeno mazutom je ravnomerno raspoređeno preko neispranog inesortiranog peska iz reke Save. Rečni pesak je dodat kao materijal za povećanjezapremine i poroznosti. Piljevina od topole, bukve i hrasta je dodata kao materijal zapovećanje retencionog kapaciteta vode ali i kao dodatni izvor ugljenika. U ciljuhomogenizacije komponente su promešane. Čitav homogenizovan materijal je zatimformiran u oblik halde.Konzorcijum mikroorganizama je izolovan iz zagađenog zemljišta. „Analyticalprofile index“ testovi su korišćeni za identifikaciju mikroorganizama. Brojmikroorganizama je određivan zasejavanjem odgovarajućih serijskih razblaženja naagrne ploče inkubirane na 28 °C.Nakon formiranja halda je jednom mesečno prskana biomasom mikrobiološkogkonzorcijuma izolovanog iz zemljišta kontaminiranog mazutom (reinokulacija) ihranljivim supstancama (biostimulacija). Biosurfaktant tipa „biosolve“ je dodat haldiradi rastvaranja naftnog zagađivača. Tokom bioremedijacije halda je kvašena, okretana imešana svake dve sedmice radi održavanja potrebne vlage i aerisanosti.Na početku ispitivanja, odmah nakon mešanja ali pre dodatka piljevine,biomase, hranljivih supstanci i biosurfaktanta, približno 10 m3 smeše sa halde jeodvojeno sa strane za potrebe korišćenja kao kontrolna halda. Celokupana analitičkipostupak koji je primenjen na uzorke halde primenjen je i na kontrolne uzorke tokomnezavisnog paralelnog eksperimenta nebiostimulisane biodegradacije.Tokom perioda od šest meseci, uzorci su prikupljeni pet puta...

The aim of this thesis was the investigation of the influence of biostimulationfactors on degradation of the main components of petroleum pollutant. As the mostsignificant component, from the environmental chemistry point of view, the aromatichydrocarbons in oil pollutant were chosen.The heavy fuel oil polluted soil was excavated contaminated soil from an energypower plant. Due to a breakdown of the energy power plant facilities, the soil had beenpolluted with heavy fuel oil (mazut) and sediment from a heavy fuel oil reservoir for ayear.The mazut polluted soil was uniformly distributed over not rinsed ungraded sandfrom the Sava River. River sand was added as a bulking and porosity increasingmaterial. The sawdust from poplar, beech, and oak was added in order to increase theretention water capacity, but as alternative additional carbon source as well. To ensurehomogeneity, the components were mixed. The entire homogenized material was thenformed into a biopile shape.A consortium of microorganisms was isolated from the polluted soil. Analyticalprofile index tests were used for identification of microorganisms. The number ofmicroorganisms was determined by plating appropriate serial dilutions on agar platesincubated at 28 °C.After formation the biopile was sprayed once a month with the biomass ofmicrobial consortia isolated from the heavy fuel oil – contaminated soil (re-inoculation)and nutritive substances (biostimulation). Biosurfactant of biosolve type was applied onthe biopile to solubilize the oil pollutant. During bioremediation, the biopile waswatered, turned and mixed each 2 weeks to maintain the required moisture and aerationlevels.At the beginning of the study, immediately after mixing, but before the additionof sawdust, biomass, nutrient substances, and biosurfactant, approximately 10 m3 of thebiopile mixture was set aside on the same waterproof asphalt surface, to be used as acontrol pile. The complete analytical procedure that was applied to the samples was also applied to the control samples during an independent parallel non-biostimulatedbiodegradation experiment...