Iniciranje i razvoj proboja u tačkama levo od Pašenovog minimuma
Initiation and progress of breakdown in range to the left of the paschen minimum.
2013
Authors
Jovanović, BojanContributors
Osmokrović, PredragCvetić, Jovan
Vasić-Milovanović, Aleksandra
Vujisić, Miloš
Stanković, Koviljka
Doctoral thesis (Published version)
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Pašenovom krivom se prikazuje zavisnost vrednosti probojnog napona dvoelektrodnogsistema izolovanog gasom od proizvoda pritiska (p) i meĊuelektrodnog rastojanja (d).Jednoznaĉna zavisnost vrednosti dc probojnog napona od proizvoda pd direktna jeposledica vaţenja zakona sliĉnosti za elektriĉno praţnjenje u gasovima. Pašenova krivaima oblik asimetriĉne U-krive sa izrazitim minimumom koji se naziva Pašenovimminimumom. Pašenov minimum je odreĊen vrednošću pritiska gasa (tj. gustine) prikojoj Tausendov jonizacioni koeficijent ima maksimalnu vrednost u zavisnosti ododnosa meĊuelektrodnog rastojanja srednje slobodne duţine puta elektrona. U taĉkamadesno od Pašenovog minimuma dc probojni napon se moţe, uslovno, smatratideterministiĉkom veliĉinom tj. veliĉinom prilikom ĉijeg odreĊivanja je dominantnamerna nesigurnost tip B. To je posledica ĉinjenice da se u taĉkama desno od Pašenovogminimuma dc proboj odvija samoodrţavajućim gasnim multiplikativnim procesom uzvremensku konstatu promene napona mn...ogo veću od vremena karakteristiĉnog zaodvijanje elementarnih procesa gasnog praţnjenja. U taĉkama levo od Pašenovogminimuma dc proboj se odvija kombinacijom gasnih mehanizama i vakuumskihmehanizmima, a javlja se i takozvani anomalni Pašenov efekat. To uslovljava da dcprobojni napon u taĉkama levo od Pašenovog minimuma bude statistiĉka veliĉina tj.veliĉina prilikom ĉijeg odreĊivanja je dominantna merna nesigurnost tip A. Vrednostimpulsnog probojnog napona je stohastiĉka veliĉina i levo i desno od Pašenovogminimuma. To je posledica ĉinjenice da je vremenska konstanta promene impulsnognapona istog reda veliĉine kao vreme karakteristiĉno za odvijanje elementarnih procesgasnog praţnjenja. U radu se razmatraju mehanizmi iniciranja i razvoja proboja gasovau taĉkama levo od Pašenovog minimuma. Statistiĉkom analizom eksperimentalnihrezultata, dobijenih pod dobro kontrolisanim laboratirijskim uslovima, pokazano je dase oblast levo od Pašenovog minimuma moţe, uslovno, podeliti na tri podoblasti.Pokazano je da se u prvoj podoblasti, neposredno uz Pašenov minimum proboj odvija seiviĉnim mehanizmima ĉesto tumaĉenim kao anomalni Pašenov efekat. U sledećoj podoblasti do proboja dolazi vakuumskim mehanizmom lavinskog tipa, a u trećojpodoblasti proboj se odvija vakuumskim emisionim mehanizmom katodnog tipa.
Paschen curve illustrates the dependence of the breakdown voltage of a gas insulatedtwo-electrode system on the product of pressure (p) and inter-electrode distance (d). Thevalidity of the similarity law for gas electrical breakdown produces direct dependence ofthe dc breakdown voltage on the pd product. Paschen curve is an asymmetrical U shapewith a prominent minimum, called the Paschen minimum. The Paschen minimumcorresponds to the gas pressure (i.e. density) at which the Townsend ionizationcoefficient is largest, with respect to the ratio between the inter-electrode distance andthe electron mean free path.The dc breakdown voltage which occurs in the region to the right of the Paschenminimum, can be regarded as a deterministic quantity, i.e. a quantity for which type Buncertainty dominates its measurement. This results from the fact that to the right of thePaschen minimum dc breakdown occurs via self-sustained multiplication process in thegas, where the time constant of voltage chang...e is much greater than the timecharacteristic of elementary gas discharge processes. In the range to the left of thePaschen minimum, dc breakdown occurs through a combination of gas mechanisms andvacuum mechanisms, and also as the so called anomalous Paschen effect. Because ofthis, in the range to the left of the Paschen minimum the dc breakdown voltage is astochastic quantity, i.e. a quantity for which type A measurement uncertainty isdominant. The impulse breakdown voltage value is stochastic both to the left and to theright of the Paschen minimum. This derives from the fact that the time constant of avoltage pulse change is on the same order of magnitude as the time characteristic ofelementary gas discharge processes. Mechanisms of gas breakdown initiation anddevelopment in the range to the left of the Paschen minimum are investigated in thispaper. Experiments were conducted for gas pressures from 10-9to 10-1bar and interelectrodegaps from 0.1 to 1 mm. The statistical analysis shows that the region left ofthe Paschen minimum can be divided into three subregions. It is established that the socalled anomalous Paschen effect refers to breakdown occuring by way of the edgemechanisms in the first subregion, just next to the Paschen minimum. In the second subregion, breakdown emerges through the vacuum avalanche mechanism, and in thethird subregion it occurs through the vacuum cathode emission mechanism.
Keywords:
Paschen minimum / Gas breakdown / anomalous Paschen effect / vacuum avalanche mechanism / vacuum cathode emission mechanism / Pašenov minimum / anomalni Pašenov efekat / vakuumski mehanizam lavinskog tipa / vakuumski emisioni mehanizam katodnog tipaSource:
Универзитет у Београду, 2013Publisher:
- Универзитет у Београду, Хемијски факултет
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http://eteze.bg.ac.rs/application/showtheses?thesesId=3264https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:11667/bdef:Content/download
http://vbs.rs/scripts/cobiss?command=DISPLAY&base=70036&RID=45420559
http://nardus.mpn.gov.rs/123456789/5905
https://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2783
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Hemijski fakultet / Faculty of ChemistryTY - THES AU - Jovanović, Bojan PY - 2013 UR - http://eteze.bg.ac.rs/application/showtheses?thesesId=3264 UR - https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:11667/bdef:Content/download UR - http://vbs.rs/scripts/cobiss?command=DISPLAY&base=70036&RID=45420559 UR - http://nardus.mpn.gov.rs/123456789/5905 UR - https://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2783 AB - Pašenovom krivom se prikazuje zavisnost vrednosti probojnog napona dvoelektrodnogsistema izolovanog gasom od proizvoda pritiska (p) i meĊuelektrodnog rastojanja (d).Jednoznaĉna zavisnost vrednosti dc probojnog napona od proizvoda pd direktna jeposledica vaţenja zakona sliĉnosti za elektriĉno praţnjenje u gasovima. Pašenova krivaima oblik asimetriĉne U-krive sa izrazitim minimumom koji se naziva Pašenovimminimumom. Pašenov minimum je odreĊen vrednošću pritiska gasa (tj. gustine) prikojoj Tausendov jonizacioni koeficijent ima maksimalnu vrednost u zavisnosti ododnosa meĊuelektrodnog rastojanja srednje slobodne duţine puta elektrona. U taĉkamadesno od Pašenovog minimuma dc probojni napon se moţe, uslovno, smatratideterministiĉkom veliĉinom tj. veliĉinom prilikom ĉijeg odreĊivanja je dominantnamerna nesigurnost tip B. To je posledica ĉinjenice da se u taĉkama desno od Pašenovogminimuma dc proboj odvija samoodrţavajućim gasnim multiplikativnim procesom uzvremensku konstatu promene napona mnogo veću od vremena karakteristiĉnog zaodvijanje elementarnih procesa gasnog praţnjenja. U taĉkama levo od Pašenovogminimuma dc proboj se odvija kombinacijom gasnih mehanizama i vakuumskihmehanizmima, a javlja se i takozvani anomalni Pašenov efekat. To uslovljava da dcprobojni napon u taĉkama levo od Pašenovog minimuma bude statistiĉka veliĉina tj.veliĉina prilikom ĉijeg odreĊivanja je dominantna merna nesigurnost tip A. Vrednostimpulsnog probojnog napona je stohastiĉka veliĉina i levo i desno od Pašenovogminimuma. To je posledica ĉinjenice da je vremenska konstanta promene impulsnognapona istog reda veliĉine kao vreme karakteristiĉno za odvijanje elementarnih procesgasnog praţnjenja. U radu se razmatraju mehanizmi iniciranja i razvoja proboja gasovau taĉkama levo od Pašenovog minimuma. Statistiĉkom analizom eksperimentalnihrezultata, dobijenih pod dobro kontrolisanim laboratirijskim uslovima, pokazano je dase oblast levo od Pašenovog minimuma moţe, uslovno, podeliti na tri podoblasti.Pokazano je da se u prvoj podoblasti, neposredno uz Pašenov minimum proboj odvija seiviĉnim mehanizmima ĉesto tumaĉenim kao anomalni Pašenov efekat. U sledećoj podoblasti do proboja dolazi vakuumskim mehanizmom lavinskog tipa, a u trećojpodoblasti proboj se odvija vakuumskim emisionim mehanizmom katodnog tipa. AB - Paschen curve illustrates the dependence of the breakdown voltage of a gas insulatedtwo-electrode system on the product of pressure (p) and inter-electrode distance (d). Thevalidity of the similarity law for gas electrical breakdown produces direct dependence ofthe dc breakdown voltage on the pd product. Paschen curve is an asymmetrical U shapewith a prominent minimum, called the Paschen minimum. The Paschen minimumcorresponds to the gas pressure (i.e. density) at which the Townsend ionizationcoefficient is largest, with respect to the ratio between the inter-electrode distance andthe electron mean free path.The dc breakdown voltage which occurs in the region to the right of the Paschenminimum, can be regarded as a deterministic quantity, i.e. a quantity for which type Buncertainty dominates its measurement. This results from the fact that to the right of thePaschen minimum dc breakdown occurs via self-sustained multiplication process in thegas, where the time constant of voltage change is much greater than the timecharacteristic of elementary gas discharge processes. In the range to the left of thePaschen minimum, dc breakdown occurs through a combination of gas mechanisms andvacuum mechanisms, and also as the so called anomalous Paschen effect. Because ofthis, in the range to the left of the Paschen minimum the dc breakdown voltage is astochastic quantity, i.e. a quantity for which type A measurement uncertainty isdominant. The impulse breakdown voltage value is stochastic both to the left and to theright of the Paschen minimum. This derives from the fact that the time constant of avoltage pulse change is on the same order of magnitude as the time characteristic ofelementary gas discharge processes. Mechanisms of gas breakdown initiation anddevelopment in the range to the left of the Paschen minimum are investigated in thispaper. Experiments were conducted for gas pressures from 10-9to 10-1bar and interelectrodegaps from 0.1 to 1 mm. The statistical analysis shows that the region left ofthe Paschen minimum can be divided into three subregions. It is established that the socalled anomalous Paschen effect refers to breakdown occuring by way of the edgemechanisms in the first subregion, just next to the Paschen minimum. In the second subregion, breakdown emerges through the vacuum avalanche mechanism, and in thethird subregion it occurs through the vacuum cathode emission mechanism. PB - Универзитет у Београду, Хемијски факултет T2 - Универзитет у Београду T1 - Iniciranje i razvoj proboja u tačkama levo od Pašenovog minimuma T1 - Initiation and progress of breakdown in range to the left of the paschen minimum. UR - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_5905 ER -
@phdthesis{ author = "Jovanović, Bojan", year = "2013", abstract = "Pašenovom krivom se prikazuje zavisnost vrednosti probojnog napona dvoelektrodnogsistema izolovanog gasom od proizvoda pritiska (p) i meĊuelektrodnog rastojanja (d).Jednoznaĉna zavisnost vrednosti dc probojnog napona od proizvoda pd direktna jeposledica vaţenja zakona sliĉnosti za elektriĉno praţnjenje u gasovima. Pašenova krivaima oblik asimetriĉne U-krive sa izrazitim minimumom koji se naziva Pašenovimminimumom. Pašenov minimum je odreĊen vrednošću pritiska gasa (tj. gustine) prikojoj Tausendov jonizacioni koeficijent ima maksimalnu vrednost u zavisnosti ododnosa meĊuelektrodnog rastojanja srednje slobodne duţine puta elektrona. U taĉkamadesno od Pašenovog minimuma dc probojni napon se moţe, uslovno, smatratideterministiĉkom veliĉinom tj. veliĉinom prilikom ĉijeg odreĊivanja je dominantnamerna nesigurnost tip B. To je posledica ĉinjenice da se u taĉkama desno od Pašenovogminimuma dc proboj odvija samoodrţavajućim gasnim multiplikativnim procesom uzvremensku konstatu promene napona mnogo veću od vremena karakteristiĉnog zaodvijanje elementarnih procesa gasnog praţnjenja. U taĉkama levo od Pašenovogminimuma dc proboj se odvija kombinacijom gasnih mehanizama i vakuumskihmehanizmima, a javlja se i takozvani anomalni Pašenov efekat. To uslovljava da dcprobojni napon u taĉkama levo od Pašenovog minimuma bude statistiĉka veliĉina tj.veliĉina prilikom ĉijeg odreĊivanja je dominantna merna nesigurnost tip A. Vrednostimpulsnog probojnog napona je stohastiĉka veliĉina i levo i desno od Pašenovogminimuma. To je posledica ĉinjenice da je vremenska konstanta promene impulsnognapona istog reda veliĉine kao vreme karakteristiĉno za odvijanje elementarnih procesgasnog praţnjenja. U radu se razmatraju mehanizmi iniciranja i razvoja proboja gasovau taĉkama levo od Pašenovog minimuma. Statistiĉkom analizom eksperimentalnihrezultata, dobijenih pod dobro kontrolisanim laboratirijskim uslovima, pokazano je dase oblast levo od Pašenovog minimuma moţe, uslovno, podeliti na tri podoblasti.Pokazano je da se u prvoj podoblasti, neposredno uz Pašenov minimum proboj odvija seiviĉnim mehanizmima ĉesto tumaĉenim kao anomalni Pašenov efekat. U sledećoj podoblasti do proboja dolazi vakuumskim mehanizmom lavinskog tipa, a u trećojpodoblasti proboj se odvija vakuumskim emisionim mehanizmom katodnog tipa., Paschen curve illustrates the dependence of the breakdown voltage of a gas insulatedtwo-electrode system on the product of pressure (p) and inter-electrode distance (d). Thevalidity of the similarity law for gas electrical breakdown produces direct dependence ofthe dc breakdown voltage on the pd product. Paschen curve is an asymmetrical U shapewith a prominent minimum, called the Paschen minimum. The Paschen minimumcorresponds to the gas pressure (i.e. density) at which the Townsend ionizationcoefficient is largest, with respect to the ratio between the inter-electrode distance andthe electron mean free path.The dc breakdown voltage which occurs in the region to the right of the Paschenminimum, can be regarded as a deterministic quantity, i.e. a quantity for which type Buncertainty dominates its measurement. This results from the fact that to the right of thePaschen minimum dc breakdown occurs via self-sustained multiplication process in thegas, where the time constant of voltage change is much greater than the timecharacteristic of elementary gas discharge processes. In the range to the left of thePaschen minimum, dc breakdown occurs through a combination of gas mechanisms andvacuum mechanisms, and also as the so called anomalous Paschen effect. Because ofthis, in the range to the left of the Paschen minimum the dc breakdown voltage is astochastic quantity, i.e. a quantity for which type A measurement uncertainty isdominant. The impulse breakdown voltage value is stochastic both to the left and to theright of the Paschen minimum. This derives from the fact that the time constant of avoltage pulse change is on the same order of magnitude as the time characteristic ofelementary gas discharge processes. Mechanisms of gas breakdown initiation anddevelopment in the range to the left of the Paschen minimum are investigated in thispaper. Experiments were conducted for gas pressures from 10-9to 10-1bar and interelectrodegaps from 0.1 to 1 mm. The statistical analysis shows that the region left ofthe Paschen minimum can be divided into three subregions. It is established that the socalled anomalous Paschen effect refers to breakdown occuring by way of the edgemechanisms in the first subregion, just next to the Paschen minimum. In the second subregion, breakdown emerges through the vacuum avalanche mechanism, and in thethird subregion it occurs through the vacuum cathode emission mechanism.", publisher = "Универзитет у Београду, Хемијски факултет", journal = "Универзитет у Београду", title = "Iniciranje i razvoj proboja u tačkama levo od Pašenovog minimuma, Initiation and progress of breakdown in range to the left of the paschen minimum.", url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_5905" }
Jovanović, B.. (2013). Iniciranje i razvoj proboja u tačkama levo od Pašenovog minimuma. in Универзитет у Београду Универзитет у Београду, Хемијски факултет.. https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_5905
Jovanović B. Iniciranje i razvoj proboja u tačkama levo od Pašenovog minimuma. in Универзитет у Београду. 2013;. https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_5905 .
Jovanović, Bojan, "Iniciranje i razvoj proboja u tačkama levo od Pašenovog minimuma" in Универзитет у Београду (2013), https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_5905 .