Mycotoxins and mycotoxin producing fungi in pollen: Review
Authors
Kostić, Aleksandar Ž.Milinčić, Danijel D.
Petrović, Tanja S.
Krnjaja, Vesna S.
Stanojević, Slađana P.
Barać, Miroljub B.
Tešić, Živoslav Lj.
Pešić, Mirjana B.
Article (Published version)
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Due to its divergent chemical composition and good nutritional properties, pollen is not only important as a potential food supplement but also as a good substrate for the development of different microorganisms. Among such microorganisms, toxigenic fungi are extremely dangerous as they can synthesize mycotoxins as a part of their metabolic pathways. Furthermore, favorable conditions that enable the synthesis of mycotoxins (adequate temperature, relative humidity, pH, and a w values) are found frequently during pollen collection and/or production process. Internationally, several different mycotoxins have been identified in pollen samples, with a noted predominance of aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and T-2 toxin. Mycotoxins are, generally speaking, extremely harmful for humans and other mammals. Current EU legislation contains guidelines on the permissible content of this group of compounds, but without information pertaining to the content of mycotox...ins in pollen. Currently only aflatoxins have been researched and discussed in the literature in regard to proposed limits. Therefore, the aim of this review is to give information about the presence of different mycotoxins in pollen samples collected all around the world, to propose possible aflatoxin contamination pathways, and to emphasize the importance of a regular mycotoxicological analysis of pollen. Furthermore, a suggestion is made regarding the legal regulation of pollen as a food supplement and the proposed tolerable limits for other mycotoxins.
Keywords:
Aflatoxins / Deoxynivalenol / Fumonisins / Fungi / Mycotoxins / Ochratoxins / Pollen / T-2 toxin / ZearalenoneSource:
Toxins, 2019, 11, 2, 1-20Publisher:
- MDPI
Funding / projects:
- Utilization of plant sources of protein, dietary fiber and antioxidants in food production (RS-MESTD-Technological Development (TD or TR)-31069)
- Structure-properties relationships of natural and synthetic molecules and their metal complexes (RS-MESTD-Basic Research (BR or ON)-172017)
- Novel encapsulation and enzyme technologies for designing of new biocatalysts and biologically active compounds targeting enhancement of food quality, safety and competitiveness (RS-MESTD-Integrated and Interdisciplinary Research (IIR or III)-46010)
- Reduction of toxigenic Fusarium species and their mycotoxins in production of safe cereal-based foods (RS-MESTD-Technological Development (TD or TR)-31023)
DOI: 10.3390/toxins11020064
ISSN: 2072-6651
WoS: 000460801500006
Scopus: 2-s2.0-85060521205
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Institution/Community
Hemijski fakultet / Faculty of ChemistryTY - JOUR AU - Kostić, Aleksandar Ž. AU - Milinčić, Danijel D. AU - Petrović, Tanja S. AU - Krnjaja, Vesna S. AU - Stanojević, Slađana P. AU - Barać, Miroljub B. AU - Tešić, Živoslav Lj. AU - Pešić, Mirjana B. PY - 2019 UR - https://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2837 AB - Due to its divergent chemical composition and good nutritional properties, pollen is not only important as a potential food supplement but also as a good substrate for the development of different microorganisms. Among such microorganisms, toxigenic fungi are extremely dangerous as they can synthesize mycotoxins as a part of their metabolic pathways. Furthermore, favorable conditions that enable the synthesis of mycotoxins (adequate temperature, relative humidity, pH, and a w values) are found frequently during pollen collection and/or production process. Internationally, several different mycotoxins have been identified in pollen samples, with a noted predominance of aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and T-2 toxin. Mycotoxins are, generally speaking, extremely harmful for humans and other mammals. Current EU legislation contains guidelines on the permissible content of this group of compounds, but without information pertaining to the content of mycotoxins in pollen. Currently only aflatoxins have been researched and discussed in the literature in regard to proposed limits. Therefore, the aim of this review is to give information about the presence of different mycotoxins in pollen samples collected all around the world, to propose possible aflatoxin contamination pathways, and to emphasize the importance of a regular mycotoxicological analysis of pollen. Furthermore, a suggestion is made regarding the legal regulation of pollen as a food supplement and the proposed tolerable limits for other mycotoxins. PB - MDPI T2 - Toxins T1 - Mycotoxins and mycotoxin producing fungi in pollen: Review VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 20 DO - 10.3390/toxins11020064 ER -
@article{ author = "Kostić, Aleksandar Ž. and Milinčić, Danijel D. and Petrović, Tanja S. and Krnjaja, Vesna S. and Stanojević, Slađana P. and Barać, Miroljub B. and Tešić, Živoslav Lj. and Pešić, Mirjana B.", year = "2019", abstract = "Due to its divergent chemical composition and good nutritional properties, pollen is not only important as a potential food supplement but also as a good substrate for the development of different microorganisms. Among such microorganisms, toxigenic fungi are extremely dangerous as they can synthesize mycotoxins as a part of their metabolic pathways. Furthermore, favorable conditions that enable the synthesis of mycotoxins (adequate temperature, relative humidity, pH, and a w values) are found frequently during pollen collection and/or production process. Internationally, several different mycotoxins have been identified in pollen samples, with a noted predominance of aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and T-2 toxin. Mycotoxins are, generally speaking, extremely harmful for humans and other mammals. Current EU legislation contains guidelines on the permissible content of this group of compounds, but without information pertaining to the content of mycotoxins in pollen. Currently only aflatoxins have been researched and discussed in the literature in regard to proposed limits. Therefore, the aim of this review is to give information about the presence of different mycotoxins in pollen samples collected all around the world, to propose possible aflatoxin contamination pathways, and to emphasize the importance of a regular mycotoxicological analysis of pollen. Furthermore, a suggestion is made regarding the legal regulation of pollen as a food supplement and the proposed tolerable limits for other mycotoxins.", publisher = "MDPI", journal = "Toxins", title = "Mycotoxins and mycotoxin producing fungi in pollen: Review", volume = "11", number = "2", pages = "1-20", doi = "10.3390/toxins11020064" }
Kostić, A. Ž., Milinčić, D. D., Petrović, T. S., Krnjaja, V. S., Stanojević, S. P., Barać, M. B., Tešić, Ž. Lj.,& Pešić, M. B.. (2019). Mycotoxins and mycotoxin producing fungi in pollen: Review. in Toxins MDPI., 11(2), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11020064
Kostić AŽ, Milinčić DD, Petrović TS, Krnjaja VS, Stanojević SP, Barać MB, Tešić ŽL, Pešić MB. Mycotoxins and mycotoxin producing fungi in pollen: Review. in Toxins. 2019;11(2):1-20. doi:10.3390/toxins11020064 .
Kostić, Aleksandar Ž., Milinčić, Danijel D., Petrović, Tanja S., Krnjaja, Vesna S., Stanojević, Slađana P., Barać, Miroljub B., Tešić, Živoslav Lj., Pešić, Mirjana B., "Mycotoxins and mycotoxin producing fungi in pollen: Review" in Toxins, 11, no. 2 (2019):1-20, https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11020064 . .