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Synthesis, characterization and SAR studies of bis(imino)pyridines as antioxidants, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and antimicrobial agents

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2020
Authors
Milošević, Milena D.
Marinković, Aleksandar D.
Petrović, Predrag
Klaus, Anita
Nikolić, Milica G.
Prlainović, Nevena Ž.
Cvijetić, Ilija
Article (Published version)
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Abstract
In this study we synthesized a series of sixteen bis(imino)pyridines (BIPs) starting from 2,6-diaminopyridine and various aromatic aldehydes, and evaluated their antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity. The chemical structures were elucidated by FTIR, elemental analysis, ESR and HRMS. 1 H and 13C NMR spectra couldn’t be acquired due to the formation of stable, carbon-centered radical cations in a solution, as confirmed by ESR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The in vitro antioxidant potency was evaluated using four assays: free radical scavenging activity (DPPH and ABTS), reducing power and total antioxidant capacity assay. BIPs demonstrated excellent antioxidant properties, and two derivatives proved to be more potent than reference antioxidants (ascorbic acid and Trolox) in all assays. DFT calculations on ωB97XD/6- 311++g(d,p) level of theory provided valuable insights into the radical scavenging mechanism of BIPs. For hydroxyl-sub...stituted BIPs, hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) is a predominant mechanism, while the single electron transfer coupled with proton transfer (SET-PT) governs the antioxidant activity of other derivatives. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding (IHB) plays an important role in the mechanism of antioxidant activity as revealed by noncovalent interaction analysis and rotational barrier calculations. The spin density of radical cations is localized on carbon atoms of a pyridine ring, which corroborates with g-factors and multiplicity obtained from ESR analysis. The most potent BIP exhibited moderate inhibitory activity toward AChE (IC50 = 20 ± 4 μM), while molecular docking suggested binding at the peripheral anionic site of AChE with the MMFF94 binding enthalpy of −43.4 kcal/mol. Moderate in vitro antimicrobial activity of BIPs have been determined against several pathogenic bacterial strains: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and clinical isolate of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The antifungal activity of BIPs toward Candida albicans was also confirmed. The similarity ensemble approach combined with molecular docking suggested leucyl aminopeptidase as the probable antimicrobial target for the three most potent BIP derivatives.

Keywords:
Acetylcholinesterase inhibition / Antimicrobial activity / Antioxidant activity / Bis(imino)pyridines / Density functional theory / Electron spin resonance
Source:
Bioorganic Chemistry, 2020, 102
Publisher:
  • Elsevier
Projects:
  • Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia, Grant no. 451-03-68/2020-14/200288 (Innovation Center of the Faculty of Chemistry) (RS-200288)
  • Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia, Grant no. 451-03-68/2020-14/200026 (University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy - IChTM) (RS-200026)
  • Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia, Grant no. 451-03-68/2020-14/200135 (University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy) (RS-200135)

DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104073

ISSN: 0045-2068

WoS: 000565187200003

Scopus: 2-s2.0-85088025350
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URI
http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4254
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